The internet

The Internet vs World Wide Web

Review of networks

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The internet is the largest network in the world. The public network spans billions of devices across multiple continents.

The Internet

"Internet" comes from INTERconnected NETwork, since it is basically a worldwide collection of interconnected networks. The internet is actually a

concept rather than something physical. It does rely on a physical infrastructure that allows networks and individual devices to connect to other networks and devices

Why was the internet invented?

An older version of the internet, created by researchers, called ARAPNET, was used to communicate in the US during the Cold War to prevent interference or disruptions from the Soviet Union.
By the end of 1969, just 4 computers were connected to the ARPANET.

In the 80s

A man named Vint Cerf created the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) which connected the world's smaller networks into one larger unit. At this point the internet was only used by universities and research labs to send data back and forth.

The world wide web

In 1991, Tim Berners Lee created the World Wide Web, a web system of information that anyone using the internet could access.

No one "owns" our modern internet though.

Multiple Choice

Originally, the internet was used by scientists and researchers to ________.

• communicate during the cold war

• store large files on cloud servers

• find jobs

• shop

Multiple Choice

ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) was the agency that did the first research to lead to our modern internet.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

The internet is

• a laptop

• 2 computers connected together to share data

• a global computer network

• the world wide web

Multiple Choice

Who owns the Internet?

• No one

• the governement

• Bill Gates

• Vint Cerf

Multiple Choice

When did the Internet become accessible for everyone?

• 1960's

• 1990's

• 1980's

• 2000's

The world wide web

World Wide Web (WWW) is only a part of the internet that users can access using web browser software. The World Wide Web consists of a massive collection of web pages. The World Wide Web is a way of accessing information using the internet; so the internet and the World Wide Web are actually quite different.

Parts of the web

Web browsers are software that allow users to access and display web pages on their device screens.

Ex: Google Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari

Web browsers:

• have a home page

• can store a user’s favourite websites/web pages (referred to as

  bookmarks)

• keep a history of websites visited by the user (user history)

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a web browser?

• Samsung

• Chrome

• Linux

• Mac

URLs

Uniform resource locators (URLs) are text addresses used to access websites. A URL is typed into a browser address bar using the following format:

protocol://website address/path/file name

The protocol is usually either http or https

The website address is: domain host (www), domain name (website name), domain type(.com, .org, .net, .gov, for example)

​Example: https://www.google.com/images

URLs

The file name is whatever comes after .com/

Multiple Choice

The address for a single file on the internet is called

• ISP

• URL

• IP Address

• HTTP

Multiple Choice

What is the domain name in the URL WWW.google.com/images

• WWW

• Google

• .com

• images

Multiple Choice

What is the protocol of the URL https://www.google.com

• https

• www

• google

• .com

Session Cookies

Cookies are small files or code temporarily stored on a user’s computer. They are sent by a web server to a browser on a user’s computer. Cookies allow user tracking and maintain user preferences. Collected data can also be used to customise the web page for each individual user.

For example: when you open amazon and it stores your past searches or saves your cart, it has stored your cookies

Multiple Choice

When talking about the internet, what are cookies?

• Something found on Sesame Street.

• Something that allows your printer to work.

• Stacks of paper that helps you with a map.

• Bits of data websites use to remember who you are.

Multiple Choice

Are session cookies stored temporarily or long term?

• temporarily

• long term

IP Addresses

Internet service providers assign every device with an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Each device has a unique one

An IP address works behind the scenes to help devices connect to the internet.

An example of an IP address is 192.168.35.4

IP Addresses

Network Part

This part specifies the unique number assigned to your network. It also identifies the class of network assigned.

Host Part

This is the part of the IP address that you assign to each host. It uniquely identifies this machine on your network. Note that for each host on your network, the network part of the address will be the same, but the host part must be different.

Multiple Choice

Is your IP address unique to your device?

• Yes

• No