Review-Nouns, Articles and Adjectives

Review of Spanish 1

Spanish 2

Nouns, Articles, Adjectives

NOUNS

•A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.

•In Spanish, nouns have genders as part of classification.

•There are three “genders”- masculine, feminine, and
neutral.

•Generally, you can tell a noun’s gender based on the last
letter of its singular form

LONERS and DIÓNZA

•If a noun is masculine, it may end with L, O, N, E, R or S.

○

Examples:
■

Papel

■

Escritorio

■

Mes

•If a noun is feminine, it may end with D, IÓN, Z or A.

○

Examples:
■

Ciudad

■

Televisión

■

Mesa

Exceptions to these Rules: some nouns may end in these
letters and not fit this pattern.

○

Examples” día (M), mano (F), lápiz (M)

Neutral nouns

•A noun may be neutral if it ends in E, and also refers to a
person. In that case it will be masculine when referring to a boy
and feminine when referring to a girl.

○

Examples:
■

Estudiante

■

Presidente

Note: Not all nouns that end in E are neutral – only the
ones that refer to PEOPLE.
Example: Clase is feminine even though it ends in E

Drag and Drop

Using L-O-N-E-R-S and D-IÓN-ZA identify the following as either masculine or feminine:

carpeta ​

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papel

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dedo​​

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nariz​

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nación​

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

F

M

Drag and Drop

ratón​

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televisión​

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ciudad​

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bandera​

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libro​

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

M

F

PLURALIZING

When a noun or adjective ends in:

A vowel- just add “s” to the end (brazo→brazos)

A consonant- just add “es” to the end (pared→paredes)

When a word end is a “z”, you have to change the “z”→ “c” and
then add “es” (lapiz→lapices)

ARTICLES

Agreement is a concept in Spanish where adjectives and articles
MUST match nouns in both gender (M/F) and number (S/P).

Definite articles are used when you have a specific or definite
item in mind.

We only have one definite article in English, but there are four in
Spanish, because they must agree in number and gender.

In English our definite article is “The”

DEFINITE ARTICLES

SINGULAR

PLURAL

MASC el

los

FEM. la

las

The

INDEFINITE ARTICLES

Indefinite articles are used when one does not have a specific or
definite item in mind.

We have three different indefinite articles in English, and
there are four in Spanish, again in order to agree in gender
and number.

The indefinite articles in English are “a”, “an”, and “some”.

INDEFINITE ARTICLES

a/ an

some

SINGULAR

PLURAL

MASC. un

unos

FEM. una

unas

ADJECTIVES

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

Example:

Tall - alto
Funny - gracioso
Big - grande
Smart - inteligente

ADJECTIVES

In Spanish, all adjectives have gender. The gender of an
adjective, depends on the the gender of the noun it is
describing.

In Spanish, adjectives generally end in “o” if it is masculine, or “a” if
it is feminine.

●

Examples:

○

Alto / Alta

○

Gracioso / Graciosa

ADJECTIVES

In Spanish, all adjectives have gender. The gender of an adjective is
determined by the gender of the noun it is describing.

Adjectives can also be neutral if they end in any other letter, such as
“e” or “L” or “ista” . These adjectives stay in this form regardless
of the gender of the noun

Inteligente – El chico es inteligente, La chica es inteligente
Fácil – El trabajo es fácil, la tarea es fácil
Deportista – El jugador es deportista, la jugadora es deportista

ADJECTIVES

In Spanish, all adjectives have number. This refers to
Singular or Plural.

-If you are describing a PLURAL noun, your adjectives
must also be plural. The rules for Pluralizing adjectives
are the same as they are for nouns.

-Add “s” if the adjective ends in a vowel.

-Add “es” if the adjective ends in a consonant.

-If it ends in a “z” - change the “z” to a “c” and then add “es”

ADJECTIVES

There are two things that are different from English and Spanish
for adjectives.

1.

They must agree in gender and number.

■If the noun in MASCULINE, then the adjective is also
masculine.

■If the noun in FEMININE, then the adjective is also
feminine.

■If the noun in SINGULAR, then the adjective is also
singular.

■If the noun in PLURAL, then the adjective is also plural.

2. Adjectives usually follow nouns in Spanish, which is the opposite
of English.

Instead of saying a tall boy, you would say “a boy tall” in

Spanish..

Un chico alto.

ADJECTIVES

There are two things that are different from English and Spanish
for adjectives.

2. Adjectives usually follow nouns in Spanish, which is the opposite of
English.

Instead of saying a tall boy, you would say “a boy tall” in Spanish..

Un chico alto.