Lesson1 Particles in Motion

General SCIENCE
Grade 6

My dear girls…………
Good Morning

Textbook

Make sure you have the following
before we start:

01

02

03

04

Notebook

Pencil, Eraser, Ruler
Fully charged laptop

Learning Golden Rules
You agree to:

1. Listen to your teacher.

2. Ask questions by raising your hand.

3. Be prepared to start the lesson by having

your resources ready.

4. Open your textbook and notebook.

5. Be in your school uniform.

6. Try your best and be an active learner!

7. Do not interrupt when some one is talking.

—SOMEONE FAMOUS

“Push yourself because no one
else is going to do it for you.”

Unit 3 – Understanding matter

Module - Energy and Matter

Particles in
Motion

Lesson 1

Learning Objectives

✓ Understand how do particles move
✓ Analyze what determines how much energy

particles have.

✓ Interpret what happens to a liquid when kinetic

energy changes.

✓ Explain how do particles in a gas behave compared

to particles in a liquid.

✓ Explain what evidence is there that particles in a

solid move.

✓ Estimate how does the total amount of a substance

affect its energy.

Vocabulary

✓ Particles
✓ Volume
✓ Random motion
✓ Diffusion
✓ Collisions
✓ Kinetic energy
✓ Movement
✓ Thermo dynamics
✓ Temperature

✓ Thermal expansion
✓ Thermal contraction
✓ Celsius
✓ Kelvin
✓ collide

Particles in motion - Vocabulary worksheet | Live Worksheets

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Textbook # 5

Starter Activity

What is the relationship between temperature and particle motion?
Select the statement you agree the most.

Answer in the textbook

Poll

What is the relationship between temperature and particle motion?
Select the statement you agree the most.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Materials needed

1.Pencil or any wooden material

2.Spoon or any metal material

Proceduce

•Hold both the materials in your hand
and write the observation in the
science notebook.

•Hold both the materials in hand for 2
mins and write the observation.

Inclass Activity

Result
Pencil – cold or hot or nothing
Spoon – cold or hot or nothing
Choose the answer based on your observation.

After 2 mins :

What did you observed from the above activity?

What did you observed from the above activity?

•
At first the metal block or spoon feels colder in the

hand than the wooden block or pencil.

•
After a while, the sensation of two temperature goes

away.

What is temperature, and how is it measured?

•Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the

particles of a material.

•The faster particles move, the higher the temperature.

•Temperature can be measured using thermometers that operate

through thermal expansion.

•The sensation of warmth depends on the flow of energy into or out

of the skin.

Multiple Choice

.....................................is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a material.

• Temperature

• Heat

• Thermal

• cold

Multiple Choice

Temperature can be measured using

Poll

Can human hands be a thermometer?

Hands can be thermometer?

What are

these doing?

Activity

Solid Liquid Gas Card sort - Group sort

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How do particles move?

Do you think these particles move when an object is still?

➢ A particle is small unit of matter.

➢ All matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving.

Particles in Motion Lab

Inclass Activity

Textbook # 10

Inclass Activity – LAB – Wait for it

Textbook # 11

Inclass Activity – LAB – Wait for it

Textbook # 11

Inclass Activity – LAB – Wait for it

Textbook # 11

Period 1 week2

Learning Objectives

✓ Understand how do particles move
✓ Analyze what determines how much energy

particles have.

✓ Interpret what happens to a liquid when kinetic

energy changes.

✓ Explain how do particles in a gas behave compared

to particles in a liquid.

✓ Explain what evidence is there that particles in a

solid move.

✓ Estimate how does the total amount of a substance

affect its energy.

Vocabulary

✓ Particles
✓ Volume
✓ Random motion
✓ Diffusion
✓ Collisions
✓ Kinetic energy
✓ Movement
✓ Thermo dynamics
✓ Temperature

✓ Thermal expansion
✓ Thermal contraction
✓ Celsius
✓ Kelvin
✓ collide

Multiple Choice

Is a small unit of matter?

• Particles

• Motion

• Solid

• Diffusion

Multiple Choice

Movement in all directions at different speeds.

• motion

• random motion

• temperature

• particles

Matter 2. States of Matter worksheet | Live Worksheets

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How do particles move?

Movement and collisions

•
In the lab Wait for it, the food coloring moved when

the water in the beaker appeared to be completely

still.

How did this happen?

The particles in matter are in random motion.

Random Motion is movement in all directions and at
different speeds.

Think about adding food coloring to water.
✓ The movement of the water particles pushes the food

coloring particles around.

✓ The food coloring spreads out, or diffuses.

Multiple Choice

The movement of the water particles pushes the food coloring particles around

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

• diffusion

• random motion

• motion

• particles

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How do particles move?

Movement and collisions

Take a look at the figure below. Notice
that as you move from left to right, the

particles become more diffuse.

Multiple Choice

The particle arrangement that would best represent liquid milk is

Multiple Choice

Which image best represents the diffusion process?

Multiple Choice

Identify which image have more energy and can break a wall?
Give reason.

Diffusion online exercise | Live Worksheets

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Period 2 week 2

Learning Objectives

✓ Understand how do particles move
✓ Analyze what determines how much energy

particles have.

✓ Interpret what happens to a liquid when kinetic

energy changes.

✓ Explain how do particles in a gas behave compared

to particles in a liquid.

✓ Explain what evidence is there that particles in a

solid move.

✓ Estimate how does the total amount of a substance

affect its energy.

Vocabulary

✓ Particles
✓ Volume
✓ Random motion
✓ Diffusion
✓ Collisions
✓ Kinetic energy
✓ Movement
✓ Thermo dynamics
✓ Temperature

✓ Thermal expansion
✓ Thermal contraction
✓ Celsius
✓ Kelvin
✓ collide

Fill in the Blank

The energy of motion is called ____________energy.

What determines how much energy a particles have?

How does the motion of the ball in
the image relate to its energy?

Recall that energy is the ability to cause change.

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Investigation

Textbook # 13

Investigation

Textbook # 13

Investigation

Textbook # 13

The dye in the beaker at the higher temperature
diffuses more quickly than dye in the beaker at the
cooler temperature.

Investigation

Textbook # 13

Investigation

Textbook # 13

The dye diffused faster in the beaker at the higher
temperature. So, the more energy that is added, the
faster the particles move. If the particles are moving at
a faster speed, they will collide more often and cause
the dye particles to diffuse faster around the beaker.

What determines how much energy particles have?

Movement and Energy

Scientists use diffusion to find out how fast the
particles of a substance are moving.

•The faster the particles move, the faster
diffusion occurs.

•When thermal energy is added to a substance,
the motion energy, also called kinetic energy,
of the particles increases.

•As the kinetic energy of the particle increased,
the speed of the particles increased.

•The faster particles move, the more kinetic
energy they have.

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What determines how much energy particles have?

Movement and Energy

Question time:

➢
What causes particles of a substance to move faster?

➢
How can you model motion in a still image?

Answer:

Answer:

Question time:

Answer:Adding energy to the particles, such as heating the
substance on a hot plate increases the kinetic energy of the
particles

➢
What causes particles of a substance to move faster?

➢
How can you model motion in a still image?

Answer:In a still image, motion can be modeled by adding
motion lines to the part of the image that should be
moving.

Three-Dimensional Thinking:

➢
Add motion lines to the liquid particles model on the right to
show they are moving faster than the liquid particles on the
left. Circle the model that has more kinetic energy.

Textbook # 14

Multiple Choice

What happens to particles in matter when heat is added?

• they have less energy

• they have more energy

• the energy doesn't change 

• they have no energy

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would cause the particles to spread out faster in the  liquid?

• freezing the mixture

• removing heat energy

• adding heat energy

• decreasing the   temperature

Poll

Temperature can describe the energy of an object

Period 3 week 2

Learning Objectives

✓ Understand how do particles move
✓ Analyze what determines how much energy

particles have.

✓ Interpret what happens to a liquid when kinetic

energy changes.

✓ Explain how do particles in a gas behave compared

to particles in a liquid.

✓ Explain what evidence is there that particles in a

solid move.

✓ Estimate how does the total amount of a substance

affect its energy.

Vocabulary

✓ Particles
✓ Volume
✓ Random motion
✓ Diffusion
✓ Collisions
✓ Kinetic energy
✓ Movement
✓ Thermo dynamics
✓ Temperature

✓ Thermal expansion
✓ Thermal contraction
✓ Celsius
✓ Kelvin
✓ collide

Investigation

Textbook # 16

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Investigation

Textbook # 16

Investigation

Textbook # 16

As the temperature of the liquid goes up, the liquid
level rises or expands in the thin tube.

Investigation

Textbook # 16

Investigation

Textbook # 16

As the kinetic energy (or temperature) of the particles
goes up, the speed of the particles increases causing
more particle collisions, which leads to increased volume.
As the kinetic energy (or temperature) of the particles
goes down, the speed of the particles decreases causing
fewer particle collisions. In turn, the volume of the liquid
decreases.

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What happens to a liquid when kinetic energy changes?

Energy and Volume

•As the temperature of a material increases,
its particles begin to move faster and the
kinetic energy increases.

•Also, as the average kinetic energy of the
particles increases, they spread out.

•The increase in a material’s volume when
particle motion increases is known as
thermal expansion.

What happens to a liquid when kinetic energy changes?

Energy and Volume

•As the particles that make a substance lose
kinetic energy, they slow down and move
closer together.

•The particles take up less space. This is
known as thermal contraction.

•Thermal contraction happens when
particle motion decreases and causes the
particles to occupy less volume.

Three-Dimensional Thinking:

➢
Draw a diagram to model what the particles on would look like
if they went through thermal expansion. Which model has
more kinetic energy.

Textbook # 17

What happens to a liquid when kinetic energy changes?

•The properties of thermal expansion and contraction can be used to
measure temperature.

•Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
in a material.

•The temperature of a substance depends on how much kinetic energy the
particles that make up the material have.

•The lower the kinetic energy of the particles, the lower the temperature of
the substance.

•Energy, volume, and temperature are all related.

•When the temperature decreases, the particles slow down, which causes
them to take up less space.

•Lower temperatures mean less kinetic energy and a smaller volume.

•If temperature increases, the particles move faster, and take up more space.

•Higher temperatures mean more kinetic energy and a greater volume.

Energy and Temperature

What happens to a liquid when kinetic energy changes?

Temperature Scales

Question time:

Answer:

➢
What is the freezing point of
water at each temperature scale?

Question time:

Answer:

➢
What is the freezing point of
water at each temperature scale?

Three-Dimensional Thinking:

➢
Construct an explanation about the relationship between
average particle speed and temperature.

Textbook # 18

➢
What conclusions can you make about kinetic energy and
temperature?

Multiple Choice

……………………. Means to decrease in volume

• kinetic

• expand

• contract

• energy

Multiple Choice

The faster the particles in an object move, the higher the …….of the object

• temperature

• heat energy

• chemical properties

• potential energy

Period 4 week 2

Learning Objectives

✓ Understand how do particles move
✓ Analyze what determines how much energy

particles have.

✓ Interpret what happens to a liquid when kinetic

energy changes.

✓ Explain how do particles in a gas behave compared

to particles in a liquid.

✓ Explain what evidence is there that particles in a

solid move.

✓ Estimate how does the total amount of a substance

affect its energy.

Vocabulary

✓ Particles
✓ Volume
✓ Random motion
✓ Diffusion
✓ Collisions
✓ Kinetic energy
✓ Movement
✓ Thermo dynamics
✓ Temperature

✓ Thermal expansion
✓ Thermal contraction
✓ Celsius
✓ Kelvin
✓ collide

How do particles in gas behave compared to particles in

liquid?

Investigation

Textbook # 19

Activity - Investigation

Textbook # 19

Investigation

Textbook # 19

Investigation

Textbook # 19

How do particles in gas behave compared to particles in

liquid?

•In gases, particles move at high speeds.

•They have high amounts of kinetic

energy.

•Gases can expand and contract.

•Being able to smell food over a distance

is evidence for the movement of gas

particles.

Gas Particles

Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice

When the balloon was placed in the freezer to cool, the balloon ……….

• expanded

• remained unchanged

• moved with greater kinetic energy

• contracted

Multiple Choice

During the investigation, when the balloon is taken out from the freezer and kept outside for few minutes, what did you observe?

• the balloon remain unchanged

• the balloon contracted

• the balloon expanded

• the space between the   particles increases

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly identifies the processes observed in images A and B?

What evidence is there that particles in a solid move ?

Investigation

Textbook # 20

Investigation

Textbook # 20

Investigation

Textbook # 20

Investigation

Textbook # 20

Investigation

Textbook # 20

Answers : The particles really close to each other, but
not really moving. You would still need to show that the
particles move apart from each other.

What evidence is there that particles in a solid move ?

•The particles of a solid cannot move as
much as the particles in liquids and gases.

•In a solid, the particles vibrate back and
forth in place.

•Particles of a solid have low amounts of
kinetic energy.

•Expansion and contraction do occur in solids,
but it is hard to see because the particles
hold each other in place.

Solid Particles

Question time:

Answer:

➢
Why are liquid better than solids for use in thermometers?

Question time:

Answer:

➢
Why are liquid better than solids for use in thermometers?

Multiple Choice

How are particles arranged in a solid?

Multiple Choice

How are particles arranged in a solid?

How does the total amount of a substance affect its

energy?

Investigation

Textbook # 21

Investigation

Textbook # 21

Investigation

Textbook # 22

Investigation

Textbook # 22

Investigation

Textbook # 23

Investigation

Textbook # 23

Investigation

Textbook # 23

The greater the mass of a substance,
the more energy the substance has. A
substance with greater mass has a
greater number of particles. The more
particles that are present, the greater
the energy of that substance.

Three-Dimensional Thinking:

➢
A student left their half-full water bottle out in the Sun all day
and would like to cool it down. They could add cool tap water
to fill up their water bottle or they could add a small amount
of cold water from the refrigerator. Present an argument on
which option you would recommend. Support your
recommendation with evidence.

Textbook # 24

How does the total amount of a substance affect its

energy?

Energy and Mass

•Two substances at the same temperature
have the same average kinetic energy of
their particles.

•When one substances has more
particles, that substance has more
energy.

•Think about two samples of water at the
same temperature. The sample with more
mass will contain more total energy

Question time:

Answer:

➢
What is the relationship between mass and energy?

Question time:

Answer:

➢
What is the relationship between mass and energy?

Lesson Review

Textbook # 26

Lesson Review

Textbook # 26

No kinetic energy

Greater kinetic energy

Greater kinetic energy

Draw

Model each statement above. Model the first statement solid particles, the second statement liquid particles and the last statement gas particles

Lesson Review

Textbook # 27

Lesson Review

Textbook # 27

Lesson Review

Textbook # 28

Lesson Review

Textbook # 28

Lesson Review

Textbook # 28

Lesson Review

Textbook # 28

Thank You