Intro to chem part 1

Basic Chemistry

Atom structure and bonds​

​Matter

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• States of matter= solid (molecules don’t move), liquid (molecules move slowly), gas (molecules move rapidly)

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Matter

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• Melting= molecules speed up (solid to liquid)

Boiling= molecules speed up (liquid to gas)​

• Freezing=molecules move slower (liquid to solid)

Condensation= molecules move slower (gas to liquid)

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​Electrons (e-) have a negative charge

Protons (p) have a positive charge

Neutrons do not have a charge​

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The nucleus of the atom contains the neutrons and protons.

The nucleus is surrounded by orbiting electrons.​

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Multiple Choice

How do the molecules of a solid compare to the molecules of a gas?

• Solid molecules don't move and gas molecules slowly.

• Solid molecules don't move and gas molecules move rapidly.

• Solid molecules move rapidly and gas molecules move slowly.

Elements

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• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that make up elements. 

Atoms < Element< molecule< compound< mixture

​Elements- pure substances made of the SAME type of atoms that cannot be broken down any further.

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• Compound= atoms chemically combined

Mixture=atoms are together physically

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​Elements

Molecules

• Atoms bond to form a molecule through a chemical reaction

Atom Arrangement

​Elements Compounds Mixtures

Multiple Choice

A chocolate chip cookie is an example of what kind of mixture?

• Homogenous Mixture

• Heterogenous Mixture

Multiple Choice

Koolaid is an example of what kind of mixture?

• Homogenous Mixture

• Heterogenous Mixture

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has a positive charge?

• Proton (p)

• Neutron (n)

• Electron (e-)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has a negative charge?

• Proton (p)

• Neutron (n)

• Electron (e-)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has no charge?

• Proton (p)

• Neutron (n)

• Electron (e-)

Multiple Choice

What are the three components of an atom?

• Proton, neutron, electron

• Particle, neutron, electron

• Proton, neutron, electricity

• Proton, mitochondria, electron

The whole number, usually located in a corner is the atomic number. It represents the number of protons​

The other number, usually followed by several places beyond the decimal, is the atomic mass.​

Basic information from the periodic table:​

Reading the Periodic Table

Elements- made up of only one type of atom

Periodic Table

• Groups/families=up & down column; similar characteristics

• Period=left to right row

• Metal=left of the step; luster; malleable; ductile; conductors

• Nonmetal= right of the step; dull; brittle; nonconductor; usually gas

Periodic Table Continued

•  Metalloids= properties of metals & nonmetals along step

• Group 17= halogens

• Group 18= noble gases; inert (do not react)

• Group 1= alkali metals; most reactive

• Atoms bond to form a molecule  through a chemical reaction

Changes in Matter

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• Physical changes: Are changes to the appearance without changing a substance’s identity.

• Signs of a physical reaction: Dissolving, changing color with dyes, and breaking/ smashing.

Changes in Matter

• Chemical change: Observations that DO change the identity of the object making a NEW substance.

• Signs of chemical reaction: heat, light, gas, precipitate, color change, smell change

Multiple Choice

Which element has the most similar characteristics to Na?

• He

• Au

• Mg

• K

Multiple Choice

What are the most reactive metals on the periodic table?

• Halogens

• Alkali Metals

• Noble Gases

Multiple Choice

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

• Right side of the step

• Along the step

• Left side of the step

Elements

• Elements differ in the # of Protons

• The atomic # of an element is defined by the # of protons

• The # of electrons of each element determines the properties of that element (i.e. gas, liquid, solid, metal. nonmetal)

• Compounds involve two different elements bonded together (Ex: H2O & CO2)

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number?

• 12.0107

• 6

Multiple Choice

What is Neon's atomic mass?

• 10

• 20.18

Multiple Choice

What is Beryllium's atomic number?

• 4

• 5

• 9.01

Multiple Choice

What is Beryllium's mass?

• 4

• 5

• 9.01

Multiple Choice

What is Beryllium's atomic symbol?

• 4

• Be

• 9.01