Foundations of Sentence Structure

Foundations of Sentence Structure

the verb (action) that the subject is doing

Predicate

the noun or pronoun in a sentence that is performing the action

Subject

Subjects and Predicates

​The student finished the practice test.

​subject

​verb

​predicate

a group of words that begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone

Dependent Clause

a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone

Independent Clause

Independent vs Dependent Clauses

The dog played outside.

Because I was hungry.

a sentence in which two or more clauses are joined together without proper punctuation

Run-On

a group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate

Fragment

Fragments and Run-Ons

Finished her essay on time.

Who did????

I went to the store it was really empty.

Needs punctuation - like a semicolon ( ; )

the formal term for “ABBI SAW A WUWU” words

Subordinating Conjunctions

the formal term for "FAN BOYS"

Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating vs Subordinating Conj

Multiple Choice

What is a subject?

• the noun or pronoun in a sentence that is performing the action

• the verb (action) that the subject is doing

• the formal term for "FAN BOYS"

• the formal term for “ABBI SAW A WUWU” words

Multiple Choice

What is a predicate?

• the noun or pronoun in a sentence that is performing the action

• the verb (action) that the subject is doing

• the formal term for "FAN BOYS"

• the formal term for “ABBI SAW A WUWU” words

Multiple Choice

What is an independent clause?

• a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone

• a group of words that begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone

• a sentence in which two or more clauses are joined together without proper punctuation

• a group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate

Multiple Choice

What is a dependent clause?

• a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone

• a group of words that begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone

• a sentence in which two or more clauses are joined together without proper punctuation

• a group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate

Multiple Choice

What is a fragment?

• a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone

• a group of words that begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone

• a sentence in which two or more clauses are joined together without proper punctuation

• a group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate

Multiple Choice

What is a run-on?

• a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and can stand alone

• a group of words that begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone

• a sentence in which two or more clauses are joined together without proper punctuation

• a group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate

Multiple Choice

What is a coordinating conjunction?

• the noun or pronoun in a sentence that is performing the action

• the verb (action) that the subject is doing

• the formal term for "FAN BOYS"

• the formal term for “ABBI SAW A WUWU” words

Multiple Choice

What is a subordinating conjunction?

• the noun or pronoun in a sentence that is performing the action

• the verb (action) that the subject is doing

• the formal term for "FAN BOYS"

• the formal term for “ABBI SAW A WUWU” words

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The school's courtyard transformed into a mosaic of fallen leaves.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The school's courtyard transformed into a mosaic of fallen leaves.

The underlined part is the predicate - it starts with the verb "transformed" and includes the complete thought.

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The sound of leaves crunching beneath their feet was a reminder that autumn had arrived.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The sound of leaves crunching beneath their feet was a reminder that autumn had arrived.

The underlined part is the subject - "the sound" is the noun doing the action. The rest describes what the sound was (leaves crunching beneath their feet).

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The scent of cinnamon and nutmeg filled the cafeteria with a delicious smell.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The scent of cinnamon and nutmeg filled the cafeteria with a delicious smell.

The underlined part is the predicate - it starts with the verb "filled" and includes the complete thought.

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

Sweaters, scarves, and boots became the go-to fashion choices as the weather transitioned to fall.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

Sweaters, scarves, and boots became the go-to fashion choices as the weather transitioned to fall.

The underlined part is the subject - it includes the 3 nouns that are doing the action (became).

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The school's annual fall festival featured pumpkin carving, apple bobbing, and a hayride.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The school's annual fall festival featured pumpkin carving, apple bobbing, and a hayride.

The underlined part is the predicate - it starts with the verb "featured" and includes the complete thought.

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The crisp, cool air of autumn was refreshing for everyone.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The crisp, cool air of autumn was refreshing for everyone.

The underlined part is the subject - "air" is the noun that is doing the action of the sentence (was refreshing).

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The students at Elk Grove were excited about the three day weekend.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The students at Elk Grove were excited about the three day weekend.

The underlined part is the subject - "students" is the noun that is doing the action (were excited).

Multiple Choice

Identify whether the underlined part of the sentence is the subject or predicate.

The leaves on the trees turned a vibrant shade of red.

• subject

• predicate

Subject or Predicate?

The leaves on the trees turned a vibrant shade of red.

The underlined part is the predicate - it starts with the verb "turned" and includes the complete thought.

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined conjunction is a subordinating or coordinating conjunction.

The three-day weekend was approaching, so friends made plans to hang out.

• coordinating conjunction

• subordinating conjunction

Coordinating or Subordinating Conjunction?

The three-day weekend was approaching, so friends made plans to hang out.

Coordinating Conjunction
(FAN BOYS)

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined conjunction is a subordinating or coordinating conjunction.

The students could choose to participate in the fall play, or they could join the debate club.

• coordinating conjunction

• subordinating conjunction

Coordinating or Subordinating Conjunction?

The students could choose to participate in the fall play, or they could join the debate club.

Coordinating Conjunction
(FAN BOYS)

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined conjunction is a subordinating or coordinating conjunction.

We might have our next class outdoors if the weather stays nice.

• coordinating conjunction

• subordinating conjunction

Coordinating or Subordinating Conjunction?

We might have our next class outdoors if the weather stays nice.

Subordinating Conjunction
(ABBI SAW A WUWU)

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined conjunction is a subordinating or coordinating conjunction.

From the classroom window, you could see the leaves dancing in the wind, and you could hear the geese flying in the sky.

• coordinating conjunction

• subordinating conjunction

Coordinating or Subordinating Conjunction?

From the classroom window, you could see the leaves dancing in the wind, and you could hear the geese flying in the sky.

Coordinating Conjunction
(FAN BOYS)

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined conjunction is a subordinating or coordinating conjunction.

You can't join the field trip to the apple orchard unless you have a signed permission slip.

• coordinating conjunction

• subordinating conjunction

Coordinating or Subordinating Conjunction?

You can't join the field trip to the apple orchard unless you have a signed permission slip.

Subordinating Conjunction
(ABBI SAW A WUWU)

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined conjunction is a subordinating or coordinating conjunction.

Because of the chilly weather, students wore cozy sweaters to school.

• coordinating conjunction

• subordinating conjunction

Coordinating or Subordinating Conjunction?

Because of the chilly weather, students wore cozy sweaters to school.

Subordinating Conjunction
(ABBI SAW A WUWU)

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined clause is independent or dependent.

The school library is a quiet place where students can study in peace.

• independent clause

• dependent clause

Independent or Dependent Clause

The school library is a quiet place where students can study in peace.

Independent - it has a subject (library) and predicate (is a quiet place) and can stand alone.

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined clause is independent or dependent.

While the teacher explained the new lesson, the students listened attentively.

• independent clause

• dependent clause

Independent or Dependent Clause

While the teacher explained the new lesson, the students listened attentively.

Dependent - it has a subject (teacher) and predicate (explained the new lesson) but cannot stand alone because it begins with a subordinating conjunction (while).

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined clause is independent or dependent.

After the assembly ended, the students returned to their classrooms.

• independent clause

• dependent clause

Independent or Dependent Clause

After the assembly ended, the students returned to their classrooms.

Dependent - it has a subject (assembly) and predicate (ended) but cannot stand alone because it begins with a subordinating conjunction (after).

Multiple Choice

Identify if the underlined clause is independent or dependent.

Because it was raining, the outdoor field trip was postponed to next week.

• independent clause

• dependent clause

Independent or Dependent Clause

Because it was raining, the outdoor field trip was postponed to next week.

Independent - it has a subject (field trip) and predicate (was postponed to next week) and can stand alone.

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence, fragment, or run-on?

The sun is shining it's a beautiful day.

• complete sentence

• fragment

• run-on

Complete Sentence, Fragment, or Run-On?

The sun is shining it's a beautiful day.

Run-On! It can be correct in a few ways:
Add a period: The sun is shining. It's a beautiful day.
Add a semicolon: The sun is shining; it's a beautiful day.
Add a comma and a FAN BOYS: The sun is shining, and it's a beautiful day.

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence, fragment, or run-on?

The concert was fantastic.

• complete sentence

• fragment

• run-on

Complete Sentence, Fragment, or Run-On?

The concert was fantastic.

Complete Sentence!
It has a subject (concert) and a predicate (was fantastic) and can stand alone.

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence, fragment, or run-on?

They went to the park they played basketball.

• complete sentence

• fragment

• run-on

Complete Sentence, Fragment, or Run-On?

They went to the park they played basketball.

Run-On! It can be correct in a few ways:
Add a period: They went to the park. They played basketball.
Add a semicolon: They went to the park; they played basketball.
Add a comma and a FAN BOYS: They went to the park, and they played basketball.

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence, fragment, or run-on?

Hoping for a snow day tomorrow.

• complete sentence

• fragment

• run-on

Complete Sentence, Fragment, or Run-On?

Hoping for a snow day tomorrow.

Fragment!
It has a predicate (hoping for a now day tomorrow) but no subject!

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence, fragment, or run-on?

Before going to bed.

• complete sentence

• fragment

• run-on

Complete Sentence, Fragment, or Run-On?

Before going to bed.

Fragment!
It has a predicate (before going to bed) but no subject!

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence, fragment, or run-on?

She finished her essay on time.

• complete sentence

• fragment

• run-on

Complete Sentence, Fragment, or Run-On?

She finished her essay on time.

Complete Sentence!
It has a subject (she) and a predicate (finished her essay on time) and can stand alone.