Unit 2 China India

Unit 2

China - Dynasties
Xia, Shang
Zhou
Qin
Han

India - Empires
Mauryan
Gupta

What are the major achievements of these dynasties and empires?

How are they significant? ​

Labelling

Locate the following countries.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

China

Mongolia

India

Japan

Chronology - know the ORDER of events!

Zhou Dynasty 1046 - 256 BCE

Mauryan Empire 322 - 185 BCE

Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220 CE

Gupta Dynasty 320 - 550 CE

​221 - 206 BCE
Led by Qin Shi Huangdi who governed with the philosophy of Legalism - everyone is inherently evil and must have strict guidelines and harsh punishment.

Qin Dynasty

​1046 - 256 BCE
Mandate of Heaven
Construction of Great Wall began
Confucianism & Taoism
New tools, weapons, rode horseback

Zhou Dynasty

206 BCE - 220 CE
Civil Service Exams - MERIT
Confucianism (official)
Emperors, advisors, bureaucrats
Silk Road
Seismograph, paper
Architecture, math, medicine

Han Dynasty

​Confucianism	​Daoism/Taoism	​Legalism
​Founded by followers of the philosopher Confucius	​Founder - Lao Tsu	​Han Feizi
​Focused on the importance of morals & ethics and education	​Focused on "the way" or energy of the universe; the Qi.	​Focused on idea that people are inherently evil & selfish; they need structure
​Filial Piety - paying respect to your elders, focusing on your family.	​Teaches that all living things must live in a state of harmony with the universe and the Qi must guide the living things.	​To be good members of society, people should be ruled by strong, strict leaders with harsh punishments.

Match

Match the following

• Xia Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty

• Qin Dynasty

• Han Dynasty

• Bureaucracy

First Chinese Dynasty

Great Wall, Confucianism & Daoism

Harsh rulers, China gets its name from this dynasty

Silk Road, structure of government established

Group of gov't workers & advisors to the emperor

• First Chinese Dynasty

• Great Wall, Confucianism & Daoism

• Harsh rulers, China gets its name from this dynasty

• Silk Road, structure of government established

• Group of gov't workers & advisors to the emperor

Mandate of Heaven

• During the Zhou Dynasty, the Chinese developed this compact between the citizens, their ruler and the heavens.

• They believed that the gods in Heaven gave the ruler "the right" to hold power.

• If the people suffered from violence, famine, poverty, etc, then they were justified in overthrowing their ruler and having Heaven appoint a new one.

Multiple Choice

Which Chinese Dynasty created the Mandate of Heaven?

• Tang

• Shang

• Zhou

Helping the Emperor and his advisors were the ministers (minister of defense, education, treasury, etc)
People who worked as ministers or under them were known as the Bureaucracy.

Create a Bureaucracy

Using Confucianist ideals, the Chinese government allowed men from lower classes to take a Civil Service Exam to see if they qualified for a position in the bureaucracy.

Restructure their government

During the Han Dynasty

​Confucius - Master Kong

​Lived in the 500s - 400s BCE

Thought of himself as a transmitter of ancient ideas & wisdom, not a founder of a philosophy.

Emphasized morals (right behavior)
Emphasized family
Emphasized education

1. Ruler & subject (citizen)

2. Parent & child

3. Husband & wife

4. Elder & younger sibling

5. Elder & younger friend

Multiple Choice

True or False: Confucianism emphasized worshipping Confucius at his holy shrines.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

In what areas of everyday life would you find Confucianism during the Han Dynasty? (mark all that apply)

• Politically - anyone can take the Civil Service Exam

• Socially - family, education & filial piety

• Geographically - shrines were built in certain locations

• Psychology - guiding people to behave and do the "right thing"

Open Ended

According to Confucius, if people maintained good relationships within their family, then this strengthens the community. If the communities have good relationships, then this strengthens the country. Do you agree with Confucius that a country is most effective when everyone maintains the "5 relationships?"

​The Silk Road 206 BCE - 1453 CE

​Cultural Diffusion: spread of food, language, religions, ideas, tools, minerals, technology

Open Ended

If you had to live in a country with an emperor, would you rather they follow Confucianism (and expect you to obey your parents, community members, and live a moral & ethical life, etc) or would you rather they follow Legalism (and have harsh punishments, emperor has total authority)? Explain why you chose your answer.

​King Chandragupta Maurya I
King Ashoka
Spread of Buddhism & Hinduism influenced art, architecture and led to Caste System.
They tolerated other religions → large population → unified them under empire.

​​Mauryan Empire 322 - 185 BCE

​King Chandragupta (no relation to the first)
Continued with Buddhism & Hinduism, Caste System
GOLDEN AGE - literature, painting, metalwork
Developed accurate calendars, the concept of zero, decimal system and calculated the size of the earth.

​​Gupta Empire 320 - 550 CE

​Mauryan Empire

• Chandragupta Maurya was the first to unify the Indian subcontinent; this happened after Alexander the Great & his successor died.

• Trade was able to flourish because there was internal peace and more roads were built.

• When Ashoka was in power, the government created roads and trade networks which allowed Buddhism to spread over East Asia.
  
  

Open Ended

After Ashoka brutally killed people, he took control of the empire. He realized that he had caused so much pain and suffering and so he turned to Buddhism to find peace. Ashoka wanted to make sure others knew about the teachings of Buddha and he sent missionaries to Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, China, Japan, Korea, etc. Do you think he sent the missionaries to spread Buddhism so that he would feel less guilty about what he had done or do you think he was trying to unify people under one philosophy? Why do you think this?

Golden Age of India
Discoveries: astronomy, mathematics, science, medicine (vaccinations)

Created the game of chess

India enjoyed peace and flourished with art, religion & trade.

​

​Gupta Empire

Notice the jobs related to each social class. Whichever caste (class) you were born into, that's where you stayed.

Why do you suppose laborers were represented by Brahma's feet?

What do you think life was like for Dalits?

Can anyone marry outside their class?

​

​Caste System in India

Brahma - God of creation

Match

Match the following

• Head

• Arms

• Legs

• Feet

• Untouchables

Priests/teachers

Rulers/warriors

Merchants

Peasants

Slaves & sanitation workers

• Priests/teachers

• Rulers/warriors

• Merchants

• Peasants

• Slaves & sanitation workers

Multiple Choice

Which Asian Belief System created the Indian Caste System?

• Daoism

• Confucianism

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

Multiple Choice

True or False: You could marry someone outside of your caste in the Gupta Empire (India).

• True

• False

1. Right view

2. Right intention

3. Right speech

4. Right action

5. Right livelihood

6. Right effort

7. Right mindfulness

8. Right consiousness

Eightfold Path

1. Life is suffering

2. Material possessions cause suffering

3. How to stop/lessen suffering

4. Path to lessen suffering

​Four Noble Truths

Buddha - the Enlightened One

​Buddha opposed the Caste System that came from Brahma in Hinduism.
Buddha claimed that people would determine their social class by action not by birth alone.

Open Ended

What would Buddha think about billionaires in today's society?

​Cycle of Rebirth in Buddhism

​Six possible realms into which a being can be reborn to achieve enlightenment:
Gods (Deva): Realms of pleasure and gratification.
Demigods (Asura): Enjoy gratification but suffer from constant jealousy and envy.
Humans: A realm with less intense suffering than the lower realms but without the extravagant pleasures of the higher ones.
Animals: A realm characterized by suffering and a lack of spiritual opportunity.
Hungry Ghosts (Preta): Beings suffering from intense, insatiable hunger and thirst.
Hells (Naraka): Realms of extreme suffering and torment.

Match

Match the following

• Xia Dynasty

• Zhou Dynasty

• Han Dynasty

• Mauryan Empire

• Gupta Empire

Irrigated land, used cast iron

Confucianism, Taoism, Great Wall, new tools

Silk Road, new inventions like paper, merit system, Golden Age

Spread of Buddhism, tolerated other religions

Astronomy, math, medicine advancements, Golden Age

• Irrigated land, used cast iron

• Confucianism, Taoism, Great Wall, new tools

• Silk Road, new inventions like paper, merit system, Golden Age

• Spread of Buddhism, tolerated other religions

• Astronomy, math, medicine advancements, Golden Age

Match

Match the following

• Follow the 8 Fold Path to Enlightenment

• Polytheism, Caste System, we are all one

• 5 Relationships, Filial Piety, morals

• Contract (Covenant) with God, Old Testament

• "The Way"; follow the energy of the universe, we are all one

Buddhism

Hinduism

Confucianism

Judaism

Daoism

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Confucianism

• Judaism

• Daoism

Open Ended

Of the 3 religions or philosophies (Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism) discussed today, which one was most interesting to you? Why? (2 or more sentences)