Unit 1 Week 1 and 2 notes

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what position is this?

Fill in the Blank

what position is this?

Open Ended

How do we know this is the anatomical position?

Multiple Select

Which anatomical plane divides right and left

• Median

• midsaggital

• saggital

• horizontal

Multiple Select

Which anatomical plane divides front and back?

• Frontal

• median

• transverse

• coronal

Multiple Select

which anatomical plane divides the top and bottom?

• saggital

• transverse

• horizontal

• median

Draw

draw on the limbs that are contralateral to each other

Draw

draw on the limbs that are ipsilateral to each other

Multiple Choice

Dermatomes relate to regions of

• skin innervated by a single nerve

• muscles and their related actions innervated by single spinal nerve

• the brain the control certain parts of the body

• rural lands

Open Ended

why do we use dermatones in a clinical sense?

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Myotomes are regions of the ____ and their related actions innervated by a single spinal nerve

Open Ended

doctors use myotomes to help diagnose what?

Draw

match the functions and characteristics to the tissue type

Draw

draw an example of simple squamous epithelium

Draw

draw an example of cuboidal epithelium

Draw

draw an example of simple columnar epithelium

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what type of epithelium is this

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what type of epithelium is this?

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what type of epithelium is this?

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what type of epithelium is this?

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connective tissue cells are ___ in contact with each other and are surrounded by ______ or _____

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,

Draw

this is connective tissue. Circle the cells. Draw over the protein fiber. Color in the ground substance

Multiple Select

what is ground substance made of?

• H2O

• protein

• carbohydrates

• plasma

Multiple Select

cells found in the connective tissues include?

• fibroblasts

• scattered adipocytes

• red blood cells

• resident and wandering immune cells

Multiple Select

what does fiber include?

• collagen (more resistant, used for structure)

• Elastic (use for movement, has flexibility, allows recoil back to original shape)

• Axillary (used for connected injured ends)

• Reticular (in between spaces, provide structure, and allow to fill in gaps)

Open Ended

how does connective tissue play a role in wound healing? What are the downsides of this help?

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what do tendons do?

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what do ligaments do?

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define fascia

,

Multiple Select

functions of fascia

• stores water and fat

• liquid provides lubrication for movement

• mechanical protection against blows

• pathway for nerves and blood vessels to enter and exit muscles

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loose connective tissues is what?

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what is tougher/thicker than superficial (protection for the muscle) and blends with periosteum to connect to bone (goes from attachment site to attachment site)

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what fascia connects the thorax and abdomen to the body wall

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what cartilage is shown in blue? Red? Green?

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,

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what produces the matrix of cartilage?

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mature cartilage cells that maintain the matrix

Multiple Select

what are the functions of bones?

• protection and support

• mechanical basis for movement

• sites for development of blood cells (in bone marrow)

• storage: calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium

Open Ended

describe how bone is built from cartilage

Open Ended

describe how someone would no longer be able to grow. What would happen to their lines of hyaline?

Draw

box in the epiphysis, circle the diaphysis

Open Ended

why can we have a cavity (aka why is spongey bone sufficient) at the center of the bone?

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bone remodeling is always based on what?

-

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lack of weight-bearing ____ bones

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increase in weight-bearing ____ bones

Open Ended

describe the steps of fracture repair.

Multiple Select

neuron characteristics

• high metabolic rate

• extreme longevity

• non-mitotic

• mitotic

Multiple Select

glial cells

• smaller

• conduct nerve impulses

• mitotic

• protect and nourish neurons

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do the neurons actually touch in synapses?

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why do we have multiple points of communication?

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schwann cells make myelin sheath at ____ and oligodendroctye make myelin sheath at ____

,

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axial skeleton are bones in the ____ of the body

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appendicular skeleton are bones on the ____ of the body

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long bones are

,

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short bones are

Multiple Select

flat bones are

• usually serve protective functions

• found in the axial skeleton

• cuboidal

• tubular

Multiple Select

irregular bones are

• any shape other than long, flat, or short

• usually many tendinous attachments

• protect tendon from excessive wear

• tubular

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what bones develop in tendons where tendons cross long bones and protect the tendon from excessive wear and help with movement

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extensors leads to what action

,

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flexors lead to what?

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muscle units are innervated by ___ motor neuron

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why can't adult muscle cells divide to make new adult muscle cells

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individual cells ___ to form long multinucleated adult cells

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muscle can be found within the region where their action occurs are called _____ muscles

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muscle found outside the area where their action occurs are called _____ muscles

Open Ended

case study: what micro-effects would you see in elbow flexors after getting out of the cast that would affect range of motion

Open Ended

case study: why can complex tissues can withstand forces in multiplied directions?

Open Ended

why would we want to apply forces in different directions around scar tissues?

Open Ended

case study: what micro-level effects would you see in elbow extensor after getting out of the cast that would affect her range of motion?

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by allowing more mobility we have to loss more what? example of this?

,

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by allowing more stability we have to lose what? example of this?

,

Multiple Select

synarthroses joints

• two bones joined together

• fibrous

• cartilaginous

• synovial

Multiple Select

types of fibrous

• sutures (connective tissue joins two bones)

• symphyses (pad of cartilage connects two bones)

• syndesmoses (two bones are joined by a wide sheet or membrane)

• gomphoses (surfaces of the bone are adapted to each other)

Multiple Select

types of cartilagenous synartroses

• Sychondroses (hyaline cartilage directly connect two bones)

• symphyses (pad of fibrocartilage connects two bones and highly resistant to force)

• sutures (fibrous connective tissue joins two bones)

• gomphoses (surfaces of the bones are adapted to each other)

Multiple Select

components of synovial joint

• joint capsule of fibrous tissue

• joint cavity enclosed by capsule

• synovial membrane lining capsule

• joint surfaces that have synovial fluid and hyaline cartilage covering it

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when temperature increases synovial fluid viscosity ________ so joints move quickly

Multiple Select

characteristics of synovial fluid

• produced by cells in the synovial membrane

• nourishes the hyaline cartilage

• ebbs through cartilage as compression is applied

• movement is essential for nourishment being sedentary can compromise joint health