Biology Review

Biology Review

The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules

Surface Tension

Has poles

Polarity

Properties of Water

Capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid

Solubility/Universal Solvent

2 water properties that describe how water molecules interact with each other and how water molecules interact with other things like leaves

Cohesion and Adhesion

Properties of Water

The amount of heat needed to turn 1 g of a liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the liquid.

Heat of Vaporization

The amount of heat required per unit mass to raise the temperature of one-degree Celsius.

Specific Heat Capacity

Properties of Water

As liquid water freezes and hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, those hydrogen bonds form a geometrical pattern called a lattice

Expands Upon Freezing

Properties of Water

Carbohydrates

- The Monomer is a Monosaccharide
- Basic formula of one carbon, two hydrogen, and one oxygen molecule
- Monomers include glucose and fructose sugars
- They are a source of energy and a source of spare protein
- All monomer sugars end in the letters "OSE"

- Structure of Carbohydrates:
- Monomers bond together to form carbohydrates (A Macromolecule)
- Below is a carbohydrate composed of four glucose monomers

Carbohydrates

Lipids

- Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids forming diglycerides and triglycerides
- Non- polar
- Source of stored fat (energy)
- Important in cell membrane formation insulation

Lipid Structure

Proteins

- Monomers are Amino Acids
- Amino Acid chains form a polypeptide chains which forms proteins
- Useful to build and repair muscles and bones
- Also make hormones and enzymes
- Additional source of energy

- Amino acids joined together in and Alpha Helix

Protein Structure

Nucleic Acids

- Monomers are Nucleotides
- Include DNA and RNA (genetic material)
- Both DNA and RNA contain nitrogenous bases, phosphates, and nucleotides

- Bond together to form DNA

Nucleic Acids

Enzymes

- Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction by lowering the energy of activation
- Not destroyed during the raction and is used over and over again
- End in letters "ASE"
- Only work at specific temperatures and pH's

Enzymes