PMA 1 Review Day

PMA 1 Review

Unit 1.1: What is Biology
Unit 1.2: How are the Organisms and the Environment Interrelated?

T: Title - Read the title of the graph

A: Axis - Identify x and y axis

T: Trend - Determine general trend

ER: Explain Relationship - Explain trend

T

A

T

ER

Changes in Population Size of Fish Species X

​For this question.
Write you answer in your notebook.

Population of Fish Species X

Water Temperature

Month

T

A

T

ER

Number of Species Impacted by Different Types of Threats

​For this question,
write your answer in your notebook

1.1: What is Biology?

Multiple Choice

Scientists can now identify antibiotic resistant bacteria by looking at 2-D images of bacteria at a very high power. Scientists identified changes in the shape of their outer membrane. Which microscope was used in this process?

• dissecting microscope

• compound microscope

• scanning electron microscope

• transmission electron microscope

Multiple Choice

Which microscope was used to magnify this image?

• compound light microscope

• dissecting microscope

• scanning electron microscope

• transmission electron microscope

Multiple Choice

Aspergillus fumigatus, a species of fungus is magnified below. Which microscope was used to magnify the fungus?

• compound microscope

• dissecting microscope

• scanning electron microscope

• transmission electron microscope

Multiple Choice

Using only the information provided in the graph below, what is an observation that can be made?

• The American alligator lost its habitat when the Burmese python was introduced.

• The American alligator population decreased when the Burmese python was introduced.

• The Burmese Python Control Program successfully controlled the American alligator and Burmese python populations.

• The population density of the American alligator needed to be controlled so the Burmese python was introduced.

Multiple Choice

The graph below shows Florida orange production. Which of the following is an inference that can be supported by the graph?

• Orange production was highest in 2004

• Florida oranges may become extinct by 2030

• The orange population has only declined since 2004

• There was a decrease of orange production from 2004-2007

Multiple Choice

The graph below shows the beak sizes of medium ground finches living on Daphne Major in 1976.  Which of the following conclusions can be supported by the data shown?

• The beak depth of the ground finches increased over time.

• In 1976 the majority of offspring had a beak depth between 8.8-9.8

• Ground finches with a beak depth of 11.3 was the least represented in 1976.

• The beak depth of the ground finches showed a pattern of initial increase over time followed by decrease in beak depth.

Unit 1.2: How are Organisms and the environment interrelated?

Multiple Choice

The carbon cycle includes two main categories of processes. Some that release carbon into the atmosphere and some that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major process categories, and gives examples of activities for both. Which of these disruptions would cause a decrease in atmospheric carbon?

• A reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels

• A decreases in populations marine biota

• The destruction of terrestrial biota

• An increase in cement production

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows a model of the water cycle. Which of the following arrows is showing the wrong pathway?

• runoff

• evaporation

• transpiration

• condensation

Multiple Choice

A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologists observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

• There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.

• There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.

• There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.

• There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how the amount of energy changes as it flows from one trophic level to the next in the marine food web shown below?

• Energy increases as it is transferred from penguins to seals, since seals are larger than penguins.

• Energy decreases as it is transferred from fish to squid, since fish are producers and squid are consumers.

• When krill consume phytoplankton, about 90 percent of the phytoplankton's energy is transferred to the krill.

• When sea birds consume fish, about 10 percent of the fish’s energy is transferred to the sea birds.

Multiple Choice

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

• Water expands as it freezes.

• Water is an excellent solvent.

• Water exhibits cohesive behavior.

• Water is able to moderate temperature.

Multiple Choice

Wekiva springs' maintains a chilly 72 degrees Fahrenheit year round, creating a stable environment for organisms. Which property of water ensures the stability of this habitat?

• versatility as a solvent

• moderate temperature

• expansion upon freezing

• cohesion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an environmental cost of using renewable resources?

• low greenhouse gas emissions.

• resources are replaceable by healthy ecosystems

• lower energy output than nonrenewable resources

• takes up an ecological footprint that destroys habitats

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be most effective at reducing air and water pollution?

• using fossil fuels in factories

• increasing the use of natural gas to heat homes

• increasing biological magnification with the oceans

• promoting the use of renewable resources for home energy

Multiple Choice

When taken to a new habitat, invasive plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?

• Invasive plants are able to mutate rapidly.

• Invasive plants cause native plants to relocate.

• Invasive plants are able to be used for medicine.

• Invasive plants compete with native plants for resources.

Multiple Choice

When considering renewable energy, typically the many benefits associate with it are highlighted over the consequences of continuing to utilize nonrenewable energy sources. As a global shift to renewable energy begins to occur, which best describes a negative quality associated with renewable energy?

• 1. Habitat loss due to equipment use. 

• 1. Contaminants in the air depositing in local water sources. 

• 1. Land pollution due to resource extraction and production of waste. 

• 1. High emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane.

Multiple Choice

Fossil fuels are found in the Earth’s crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which is burned for energy. Which of the following highlights a benefit of using this source?

• 1. The extraction of the fossil fuels from the environment improves ecosystem health.

• 1.  Improvement to the process of using the energy found in this resource has eliminated its impacts on human health.

• 1. Systems used to convert fossil fuels into usable energy already exist, diminishing the need to upset habitats for new builds. 

• 1.  By removing this abiotic factor from the environment, the producers have been able to flourish and stabilize the ecosystems.

Unit 1.3: How do populations affect each other?

Multiple Choice

Heavy rainfall in a mountainous region caused a landslide that removed all the soil and organisms that inhabit the area. Which of the following best

describes the type of succession?

• This is primary succession because it is occurring in an area with bare rock.

• This is secondary succession because the climax community can start growing.

• This is secondary succession because it occurred in an established ecosystem.

• This is primary succession because it would take a very long time for new organisms to move in.

Multiple Choice

Figure 1 below shows changes in the population size of primary consumers observed in the

Great Plains of the United States over a 7-year period.

Which statement most likely explains the changes in carrying capacity over this 7-year

period?

• A new source of prey was introduced between years 3 and 4.

• A new group of primary consumers emigrated between years 0 and 2.

• The number of primary consumers were depleted between years 0 and 2.

• The introduction of a new species of primary consumer occurred between years 3 and 4.

Multiple Choice

Estuaries are areas where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. In the last twenty years, there has been an

increase in the new factories built near the Tampa Bay estuary. These factories are producing a lot of pollution that has created a cloud of smog that

consistently covers the estuary. In an effort to determine the effect on the local populations, data has been collected on pH levels within the estuary.

The results of this data collection are shown in Figure 1.

Based on the data collected in Figure 1, which observation was most likely made in 2010?

• an increase in the death rate of the organisms living in the estuary

• an increase in the carrying capacity of the organisms living in the estuary

• an immigration of saltwater species that are better adapted to the changing environment

• an immigration of freshwater species that are better adapted to the changing environment

Multiple Choice

Parasites often play a role in maintaining the carrying capacity of an organism. Parasites are organisms that feed on or in an individual using the host

organism’s resources while providing nothing in return. Parasites can best be described as which of the following?

• producer

• biotic factor

• abiotic factor

• primary consumer

Multiple Choice

Storm surges are temporary rises in sea levels caused by storms. The image below shows the

impact of storm surges on Florida coasts resulting from Earth\"s changing climate and the

effect it has on sea level rise.

What long term effects would rising storm surges have on Florida\"s coastal ecosystems?

• New species will emigrate to the coastal areas due to an increase in the availability of

  water.

• Biodiversity will decrease in the coastal regions of Florida due to the continual loss of

  habitats.

• Organisms will have increased access to limiting factors which will stabilize the coastal

  ecosystems.

• Organisms will have easier access to necessary resources due to an increase in the

  coastal habitat.

Multiple Choice

Which choice best describes why 90% of all marine organisms thrive/live in the photic zone, which is the portion of a body of water that receives light from the sun and interacts with the atmosphere?

• The photic zone is a major source of carbon and nitrogen as nutrients for many organisms.

• Salinity and pH levels within the photic zone are most stable, enabling more organisms to live there.

• The photic zone is where photosynthesis occurs, and animals need photosynthetic organisms for food.

• All organisms need sunlight to live and they stay in the photic zone in order to gain the most sunlight possible.

Multiple Choice

When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?

• Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.

• Non-native plants cause native plants to relocate.

• Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.

• Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.

Multiple Choice

Which type of succession is likely to occur immediately following a volcanic eruption that caused total destruction of a given area?

• Secondary succession because all of the soil was lost in the eruption.

• Primary succession because new organisms will be needed to create soil.

• Secondary succession because some previous soil will still be left behind after the eruption.

• Primary succession because it killed many of the organisms in the mountainous ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

A population of rodents becomes stranded on a remote island.  Eventually, the population reaches the island’s carrying capacity.  At this point, which statement would be true about the birth and death rates in this population?

• Birth and death rates would be relatively equal.

• Birth and death rates would be crashing.

• Birth and death rates would be density independent.

• Birth and death rates would be increasing exponentially.

Multiple Choice

The population of adult frogs in a wetlands ecosystem has increased to 1000 individuals, which is its carrying capacity. The frogs eat flies and other small animals, and they are prey for raccoons, snakes, and a variety of large birds. Which most likely would happen if an additional 200 adult frogs immigrated to the ecosystem?

• The carrying capacity for frogs in the ecosystem would increase by 200 frogs.

• The population frogs would decrease because of  limited resources, or by predation or disease.

• The carrying capacity for frog predators in the ecosystem would increase by 200 individuals.

• The frog population would decrease by 200 frogs because of the individuals leaving the population.

Multiple Choice

There are 39 native species to the Florida Everglades National Park that are listed as threatened or endangered. Climate change has caused an increase in catastrophic events, such a hurricanes. What impact would a catastrophic event have on the endangered species ecosystem? 

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would increase the mutation rate in plants.

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would ​​​​​​​reduce biodiversity in the ecosystem.

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects.

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would decrease the space and resources available to other organisms.

Multiple Choice

What type of species would be most likely found in the area labeled 3 in the figure below?

• Plants that require sunlight.

• Animals that require plenty of oxygen.

• Amphibians that need a warm habitat.

• Species that feed on dead organisms.

Multiple Choice

The pictures show one of Earth's polar ice caps in 1984 and 2012. What change in the arctic ecosystem is being show in the pictures?

• A decrease in the size of the ice cap because Earth's climate is changing.

• An increase in temperature at the Earth's core causing the ice cap to melt.

• A decrease in carbon dioxide being absorbed causing the ice cap to increase.

• An increase in the amount of ice in the ice cap because succession is occurring.