Digital Literacy With Mr. Noel

Introduction to computers

Mr. Noel
ICT Teacher
Arusha Meru International School

The Monitor

​It looks like T.V.

Brain of the computer.CPU stands for central processing Unit

​The CPU

CD Rom stands for Compact disc Drive.They are flat disks that store information.

​CD ROM disc drive

Flash drive or

Pendrive

New storage drive you plug it in to the USB port in to the front of the computer.

The Keyboardkeys

Internal Memory - RAM

lRAM - Random Access Memory

»CPU can access any location as quickly as any other.

lCan not only read current info but also write new information.

How do computer works

Input ​Devices -When information input through Mouse ,Keyboard ,Scanner .

Out put Devices -Information comes out after processing through Printer ,Monitor .

Processing -When information is handled by computer's brain.

​Thank You

for Learning

Computer-An Introduction

Mr Noel R Simon
Arusha Meru International School

SYNOPSIS

• Definition

• History

• Generation of Computers

• Types of devices

• Hardware and software

• Quiz

DEFINITION

A computer is a machine that accepts data as input, processes that data using programs, and outputs the processed data as information.

History of Computer

GENERATION OF COMPUTER

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation

First Generation (1946-1955)

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. First generation computers relied on machine language to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. IBM-650 was another first generation computer by IBM corporation.

Second Generation(1955-1965)

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation computer. Transistor is a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a signal or opens or closes a circuit. Invented in 1947 at Bell Labs, transistors have become the key ingredient of all digital circuits, including computers.

Third Generation(1965-1975)

The development of the Integrated Circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. 

Fourth Generation(1976-1988)

Use of microprocessor in mid seventies marked the advent of fourth generation computers. Medium to very large scale IC’s technology packed about 1,00,000 transistors in a single chip. The Intel corporation in 1971 packed the complete CPU in a single chip. This is known as microprocessor. Another significant development of this generation was graphic devices. This has significantly contributed to the use of computers in design, drawing, commercial arts and entertainment.

Fifth Generation(1988 onwards)

Fifth generation computing devices, based on Artificial Intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. 

TYPES OF DEVICES

• Input Device

• Output Device

Input Device

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control it.

Output Device

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human read able form. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video.

HARDWARE

Computer hardware is the physical components that a computer system requires to function.

SOFTWARE

Software comprises the entire set of programs, procedures, and routines associated with the operation of a computer system.

QUIZ

Multiple Choice

When was the first computer introduced?

• 1945

• 1946

• 1947

• 1956

Multiple Select

Select the software in below option

Open Ended

Name any four Input Devices?

Poll

Feedback

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Computer Networks
Mr. Noel Lectures
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What is a network?

Open Ended

Write one thing we do with computers that need the Internet in order to work.

You have 30 seconds to come up with a suggestion.

Open Ended

What is the definition of a computer network?

Type out your definition in full and then submit.

Multiple Choice

LAN or WAN?

A college is installing a new computer room on its campus.

• LAN

• WAN

LAN

As the network is located within the school building it would be classed as a LAN

Multiple Choice

LAN or WAN?

A business has expanded into another country and needs its offices connected together.

• LAN

• WAN

WAN

When connecting the networks of the offices in one country and another then it becomes a WAN

Multiple Choice

LAN or WAN?

NASA needs to set up a network to connect its computers to the International Space Station.

• LAN

• WAN

WAN

By connecting the computers in space to the computers on earth it becomes a WAN because of the distance.

Multiple Choice

You have just bought the new Playbox 420 and need to connect it to your home network so you get online and play with others.

• LAN

• WAN

LAN

As your network just covers your house then it is a LAN.

Network Hardware

In order to connect computers together we use various types of hardware that serve different purposes.

Depending on what the network needs to do/how large it is you will need some or all of these items.

Ethernet Cable

You might also have seen these be called a LAN cable - because they are usually used in a LAN.

They are made up of twisted copper wires surrounded by a plastic tube to protect it.

Data is transmitted using electrical signals down the cable.

Switch

A switch managed the flow of data within a network, e.g. from one network device to another.

They ensure data is sent only to the right device by using its “MAC Address” which identifies a specific device on a network.

Router

When a network needs to be connected to another network over a large area, a router is needed.

A router forwards messages from one network to another. (think of it like a mail person)

A common job of a router is to join a network to the internet.

Task

I have set you an assignment on teams to help you understand how these types of hardware are used.

You will have 3 scenarios and for each I would like you to diagram or describe how the network will be designed to fit the scenario.