Grade 8

Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous explorers of all time!

French Revolution: Napoleon Bonaparte

The American Revolution

The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown

The French Revolution

• Started 1789 against King Louis XVI

• The Reign of Terror

• The French Revolution ended when Napoleon became emperor

Columbus was born in Genoa in 1451.

Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror was a period of about 11 months during the French Revolution French people who did not support the revolution were executed at the guillotine.

The Reign of Terror was started on 5 September, 1793. On 17 July 1794, sixteen nuns attracted much attention by singing a religious song as they were being executed for treason.

The Terror ended ten days later, when several important leaders of the Reign of Terror were executed.

The Terror took the lives of between 18,500 to 40,000 people.

What were the American Colonies?

• The American Colonies were thirteen different territories along the east coast of North America.

• They were given some freedom but controlled by England.

Genoa was a major port city.

In 1471, a special map was sent to Columbus.

Causes of the American Revolution

• French and Indian War-England demanded colonies pay for the war to protect them

• Taxes- The colonists did not want to pay taxes as they had no representation back in England

Multiple Choice

At the time of the French Revolution, France was ruled by -------

• Louis XVI

• George iii

• faisal

• james

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed:

Columbus would have three ships to sail west; He would be the Governor of any discovered land; He would get 10% of the treasure.

Columbus and his crew sailed on August 3rd, 1492.

Multiple Choice

France was a wealthy country during the french revolution

• true

• false

Major Events in American Revolution

• Boston Tea Party- Colonists protested tax on tea by throwing English tea into the harbor!

• Battle of Trenton-first significant American victory! Showed the colonists that we could fight and win

• Battle of Yorktown-Americans trap large British army and force surrender! Americans win the war!

The French Revolution ends

​The revolution came to an end 1799 when a general named Napoleon overthrew the revolutionary government and established the French Consulate (with Napoleon as leader).

The Niňa, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.

After five weeks on the Atlantic Ocean, on October 12th, 1492, they finally found land.

Multiple Choice

Why did the French people support Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte?

• He would bring King Louis XVI back to power

• He would finally bring peace to France

• He would end British control of France

Major Figures of the American Revolution

• George Washington-General of the Continental Forces

• Thomas Jefferson-Writer of much of the Declaration of Independence

• Benjamin Franklin-Member of the Continental Congress, got France to join our side in the war.

​France Under Napoleon

​Napoleon put an end to the French Republic that the Revolution had won. In 1804 Napoleon had himself crowned emperor. He then crowned his wife, Josephine, Empress. He let his ambition and desire for power spread war across Europe. Yet he also made some good changes in the French government.

The indigenous people met Columbus and they exchanged gifts.

​Napoleon changed unfair tax laws. He required all people, rich and poor, to pay taxes under the same laws. The rich received no favors. Napoleon also strengthened and reorganized the French schools. 

Columbus made four more voyages to the New World.

Multiple Choice

Napoleon taxed everyone fairly. The rich were not given any favors.

• True

• False

Columbus kidnapped and enslaved the indigenous people.

​Napoleon had a strong, wealthy France behind him now. He had the loyalty of the people. He now set out to conquer a European empire. He led France into war with Great Britain and most of the rest of Europe. Napoleon was a clever general. He won battle after battle. By 1812 Napoleon controlled most of Europe. However, he had been unable to invade and conquer Great Britain.

As governor Columbus was harsh and controlling.

Multiple Choice

Napoleon has a _____ & ____ behind him.

• strong & wealthy

• weak & tired

• tired & hungry

Results of the American Revolution

• American independence!

• American economic output increases, new factories and trade

• America can expand westward

​Napoleon's Mistake

​In 1812, Napoleon declared war on Russia. He attacked with an army of nearly 600,000 men. He won a major victory over the Russians at the battle of Borodino. However, the Russian armies were clever. They fled eastward, leading Napoleons army on a chase deep into the heart of Russia. As the Russians retreated , they destroyed everything of value in Napoleon's path.

• George Washington was the first President of the United States.

• He is known as the “Father of His Country”

• George Washington owned slaves.

• George Washington never lived in the White House.

​George Washington

Multiple Choice

What was the major battle that Napoleon won against the Russians?

• Borodino

• Bunker Hill

• Moscow

• Paris

​Then winter came. It was an icy Russian winter. Napoleon's army had almost run out of food. His army was starving. They were freezing. There was only one thing to do. Napoleon gave the orders to head for home The Russians attacked again and again as Napoleon's weakened forces struggled toward France. The French suffered terrible losses during the retreat from Russia. Over 500,000 men were killed or died of illness or starvation. Otheres deserted or were captured. Many simply froze to death. The attack on Russia was Napoleon's big mistake.

Multiple Choice

 How did the Russians get the upper hand against Napoleon?

• They fled deeper into Russia - Starving the French out

• They fought head to head

• They didn't get the upper hand.

Columbus' First Voyage

• Columbus wanted to find a faster way to get to India, since at the time India was the place to be.

• Myth: Columbus was going to find out if the Earth was flat. He knew the Earth was round.

• Columbus had to go to Spain to ask King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for funding. Since they were the only ones to believe his new theory. Columbus was offered 10% of the treasures.

​The End for Napoleon

​Other countries took heart when they heard of France's defeat in Russia. Napoleon could be beaten! These countries joined together. Prussia, Sweden, and Austria joined Great Britain and Russia to march as allies against Napoleon.

Columbus' Journal

• While on voyages Columbus kept a journal of all his findings

• In the Journal Columbus wrote, "They willingly traded everything they owned...They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features..They would make fine servants...With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want."

• Columbus also called them indians since he thought they landed in India.

Multiple Select

Who all assembled to aid Britain in their fight against France?

(Select all that apply)

• Prussia

• Sweden

• Austria

• Maryland

• India

It took 50 years to wipeout the Tainos.

• Due to disease and slavery the Tainos were taken from their home lands.

• The treatment of the Tainos on the islands was still terrible if they were caught stealing or disobeying.

• https://youtu.be/EZ7hTT9aoaQ

​The French saw that their emperor was beaten. The French Senate turned against Napoleon. It called for a new king to rule France. On April 11th, 1814, Napoleon gave up his throne. Louis XVIII was crowned King of France. Napoleon was exiled and sent to live on the island of Elba off the coast of Italy.

Multiple Choice

Who was crowned King after Napoleon gave up the crown?

• Charles I

• Louis XVIII

• Louis I

• George III