Multiplication tables

​A multiplication table shows multiplication facts.

​The multiplication table has many patterns! These patterns make it easier to memorize the multiplication facts.

​Order of factors

​Notice that if you switch the order of the factors, the product stays the same. Look at the examples below:

​The order of the factors doesn't change the product. This is called the commutative property of multiplication.
So, if you know the product of two numbers, you also know the product when those numbers are switched!

​Number patterns

​Some numbers follow patterns when they are multiplied. Look at the patterns below:
Multiplying by 2
Multiplying by 2 is the same as skip-counting by 2. Each multiple of 2 is even. Look for the pattern in the facts below:

​2×2 = 4
2×3 = 6
2×4 = 8
2×5 = 10
and so on.

​Multiplying by 5
Multiplying by 5 is the same as skip-counting by 5. The 5s facts always end in 0 or 5. Notice the pattern in the facts below:

​5×1 = 5
5×2 = 10
5×3 = 15
5×4 = 20
and so on.

​Multiplying by 9
Multiplying by 9 has a special pattern in the tens and ones places. Look for the pattern in the facts below:

​9×1 = 09
9×2=18
9×3=27
9×4=36
and so on.

​Notice that the number in the tens place is going up by 1 each time: 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. The number in the ones place is going down by 1 each time: 9, 8, 7, 6, and so on.
Also, notice that the sum of the digits in each product is always 9.

​09 → 0+9=9
18 → 1+8=9
27 → 2+7=9
36 → 3+6=9

​Multiplying by 10
Multiplying a number by 10 is the same as placing a 0 on the end of that number. Notice the pattern in the facts below:

​10×1 = 10
10×2 = 20
10×3 = 30
10×4 = 40
and so on.

​Memorizing the multiplication table in parts

​When you're learning your multiplication facts, it helps to memorize the table in parts.
Start by memorizing up to 5×5.

​Next, memorize up to 5×10. This part of the table appears in two different places. Since you know the commutative property, you only need to memorize one of the parts!

​Then, learn the 6×6 to 10×10 part.

​Last, learn the 11s and 12s facts.