3rd-9 7W Energy Physics Newton

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GOLD LETTER notes

Isaac Newton was a genius scientist who figured out some really important things about how the world works. He thought a lot about why things move and stay still.

Have you ever wondered why your toy stops moving when you stop pushing it? Or why an apple falls from a tree to the ground? Well, Newton thought about these things too!

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Who is Isaac Newton

One of the big ideas he came up with is called the "3 laws of motion."

The first law says an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted by an outside force.

It's a bit like how this ball behaves – The ball does not like to change what it's doing unless you do something to it.

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Multiple Choice

Sir Issac Newton discovered how many laws of motion?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• a billion

Multiple Choice

Whats Newtons First Law of Motion.

• The more force applied to an object the faster it will accelerate.

• An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted by an outside force.

• for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

So, Newton's First Law is like telling us that things like to keep doing what they're already doing - staying still or moving - and they don't like changing by themselves.

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​Newton's 1st Law

F=ma

The Force is equal to the mass X acceleration.

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​Newton's 2nd Law

Imagine you have two toy cars. One is big and heavy, and the other is small and light. Now, if you give both cars the same little push, which one do you think will go faster?

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Newtons's 2nd Law

Newton's Second Law says the speed of a toy car (or anything!) depends on two things: how hard you push (force) and how heavy the car is (mass).

So, if you push the big, heavy car and the small, light car with the same force, the small one will zoom away faster because it's lighter.

Here's a simple example to illustrate this:

Let's say you have a car with a mass of 1000 kilograms (m), and it is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s22m/s2 (a). To find the force (F) acting on the car, you can use Newton's second law:

F=ma

F=(1000 kg)(2 m/s2)
F=(1000kg)(2m/s2)

F=2000 N

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Newton's 2nd law also tells us that if the force is increased and the mass stays the same the acceleration will increase.


F=ma

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Multiple Choice

F=ma

• Newton's
  1st
  Law of Motion
• Newton's
  2nd
  Law of Motion
• Newton's
  3rd
  Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

In other words, if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B simultaneously exerts a force of equal magnitude in the opposite direction on object A.

​Newton's 3rd Law

Imagine you and your friend each have a big, squishy balloon. If you both push your balloons toward each other, what happens?

Every push has a pull, and every pull has a push! It's like a game of tug-of-war with invisible ropes.

​Newton's 3rd Law

The rocket and balloon in these gifs are pushing gases downward, the gases are, in turn, exerting an equal and opposite force upward on the rocket or balloon. This upward force is what propels the rocket or balloon into the air.

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​Newton's 3rd Law

Multiple Choice

What is a PUSH or a PULL of an object?

• Motion

• Friction

• Force

• Gravity

Multiple Choice

"Every action has an equal opposite reaction" Which of Newton's Law is this?

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

• Newton's First Law

• Law of Inertia

Multiple Choice

Which is the best example of Newton's First Law of Motion?

• a basketball thrown in the air falls to the ground
• a soccer ball remains motionless until it is kicked by a player
• a baseball player swings at an approaching ball
• an ice skater pushes back from a wall and moves backwards

Multiple Choice

A rocket pushes burning gases DOWN which causes the rocket to launch UP. Which law is this?

• Law 1

• Law 2

• Law 3