Cell Unit - Cell Theory & Eukary vs. Prokary

​Cell Theory

​Contributors:

• ​Matthias Schleiden --> all plants are made up of cells

• ​Theodor Schwann --> all animals are made up of cells

• ​Rudolph Virchow --> cells only come from other cells

ALL cells have:

• A cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• DNA

• Ribosomes

There are 2 basic cell types

• Prokaryotic (does not contain a nucleus)

Domains : Bacteria / Archaea

• Eukaryotic (contains a true nucleus)

  Domains : Eukaryota - Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists

Prokaryotic Cells

• Very simple; found in single celled organisms

• Do not contain "membrane-bound" organelles

• Smallest versions of the cell

• Contains DNA in the nucleoid region

• Example: bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

• Found in multicellular, complex organisms

• Contains membrane-bound organelles

• Much larger than prokaryotic cells

  Contains a true nucleus that contains DNA

• Example: plant and animal cells

Organelles-"little organs" inside the cells

each cell has all these "little organs", or cell structures

- Cells have structures for specific functions

1. Nucleus

• "the brain" of the cell - maintains homeostasis

• 1 out of 2 of the main parts of the cell

• stores our genetic

• information(DNA)

• contains instructions for making proteins

2. Cytoplasm

• 2nd main part of the cell

• where all of the organelles are "floating"

• interior of cell

  Is this an eukaryotic structure or a structure for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
  

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• "factory" of the cell

• site of protein synthesis

• has ribosomes that help finish protein assembly for export

5. Ribosomes

• site of protein synthesis

7. Golgi Apparatus

• proteins are sent here after the ER

• modifies, sorts and packages proteins for secretion

• "post office" of the cell

8. Lysosomes

"clean-up crew" or lysol of the cell

-ONLY in animal cells

- breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules

9. Vacuole

stores water, food, and minerals

-very large in plant cells

-several small vacuoles in animal cells

10. Cell Wall

gives support and protection of the plant cell.

- Rigid protective barrier

-Plant cell ONLY and some bacteria

11. Chloroplast

"site of photosynthesis", ONLY in plants

-contains chlorophyll (green pigment) that capture energy from the sun to convert to chemical energy