WH2023 Recap

Open Ended

 Based on the two maps above, how did the map of Europe change after the Congress of Vienna? Explain your answer.

Nationalism and Political

Revolutions

⚫ French Revolution had failed to keep republic

⚫ Metternich (Austrian prime minister)

⚫ Congress of Vienna meets to balance European

power

⚫ Conservative monarchs put back in power

A Quick Recap

Multiple Choice

What was the purpose of the Vienna Congress?

• to restore the balance of power in Europe

• to gain world domination

• to establish dictatorship in many countries

• to make unified laws throughout Europe

NATIONALIST UPRISINGS

1. Nationalism is devotion and loyalty to one’s country.

2. It usually comes about among people who share a common language and religion and who believe that they share a common culture.

3. During the 1800s, nationalism was a powerful force. It led to independence movements in Latin America. It also led some groups in Europe to create their own nations, which changed the map of Europe.

Multiple Choice

Devotion and loyalty to one’s country

• industrialism

• realism

• capitalism

• nationalism

​Key Terms and People

• Nationalism: devotion and loyalty to one’s country

• Nation-states: self-governing countries made up of people with a common culture

• Giuseppe Garibaldi: Sicilian leader who helped unite Italy into a single country

• Otto von Bismarck: Prussian leader who developed a plan to unify Germany

Multiple Choice

What are Nation states?

• • devotion and loyalty to one’s country

• • self-governing countries made up of people with a common culture

• Countries put together but not together

​In the early 1800s, many people who had been conquered by Napoleon wanted to rule themselves. They began to unite with others who shared their cultures. They supported the idea of nation-states, self-governing countries of people with a common cultural background.

​After Napoleon was defeated, some groups in Europe rebelled against foreign control. Some succeeded such as Greece, which won independence from the Ottoman Empire. But some revolutions failed. Hungarian and Czech nationalists in the Austrian Empire were defeated. Italians and Germans failed to form their own countries at that time too.

​Germany was also made of many small states in the 1800s. German nationalists grew stronger as Italy became united. Prussia was the largest of the German states and Austria was its closest rival.

Otto von Bismarck was the prime minister of Prussia. He came up with a plan to unite Germany. He built a strong army and won wars against Denmark and Austria. Prussia’s victories gave it more territory and made it leader of the northern German states. Then Bismarck waged war against France.

Feelings of nationalism in the southern German states caused them to side with Prussia. They won and agreed to unite. Bismarck’s plan had succeeded, and the German Empire was proclaimed in 1871. King Wilhelm of Prussia became emperor, ruling over all of Germany except Austria.

Multiple Choice

Otto von Bismarck got smaller states to join Prussia without attacking them by waging war on France.

• true

• false

⚫ Successfully defeats

Strongest Power in Europe- Germany

Denmark and Austria

⚫ Wanted Alsace-Lorraine

(owned by France)

⚫ Franco-Prussian War

(1870-71)

⚫ France loses key providences

⚫ William I becomes Kaiser

⚫ “Caesar” of Second German

Empire

Multiple Choice

Which country became the stronger power in Europe?

• France

• Germany

• Austria

• England

Early 1800s Italy was comprised of small autonomous cities and provinces. However, several factors caused many Italians to seek a unified nation

  A. Napoleon had combined some Italian territories, giving people a sense of Italian unity

  B. After the Congress of Vienna many Italian territories were under foreign rule

  C. Italians had a common language and religion

​

The Rise of Italy

• He organized a secret society known as “Young Italy”

• He was the heart/voice of unification

• He wanted a liberal democratic republic to govern a united Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini

Camillo Cavour

• He was a military leader who commanded a group known as the Red Shirts

• Garibaldi was the sword of unification

• He would be responsible for driving the Spanish out of southern Italy

​​Giuseppe Garibaldi

​The Men Behind the Italian Unification

• He ran a newspaper called “Risorgimento”, which means, “The Resurrection”

• Cavour was the brains of the unification

• He favored a unified Italy led by Sardinia

Multiple Choice

Who was NOT responsible for the unification of Italy?

• Giuseppe Mazzini

• Otto von Bismarck

• Camillo Cavour

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

Multiple Choice

What was the most powerful idea of the 1800s?

• Communism

• Women's Suffrage

• Emancipation

• Nationalism

Multiple Choice

During the mid-1800s, Count Camillo di Cavour expanded Piedmont-Sardinia's power and also

• conquered part of France

• unified Italy

• took control of Venetia

• did all of the above

Multiple Choice

What city became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy after the conquest of the Papal States?

• Venice

• Lombardy

• Rome

• Piedmont-Sardinia

Multiple Choice

Who of the following was the leader of the Red Shirts?

• King William I

• Camillo di Cavour

• Otto von Bismarck

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

Multiple Choice

In the 1860s, the expansion of the State of Prussia was achieved under the leadership of

• King Victor Emmanuel II

• Frederick William IV

• Otto von Bismarck

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

Open Ended

Discuss one thing you have learnt. ( Not just nationalism) (10 points)