Final Exam Review

Physics Final Exam Guide

Force & Motion,
Momentum & Collisions,
Work, Energy, & Power plus Conservation

Magnitudes, numbers, amounts, sizes...
A way of describing how much of "something" there is.

Ex. Speed, mass, distance, length, etc

​​Scalar Quantities

made up of a scalar and a direction. Every vector has a magnitude that is moving in some direction.

Ex. Velocity, Force, Displacement, Acceleration, etc

​​Vector Quantities

Drag and Drop

While scalars and vectors both have ​

Placeholder

, vectors also have ​

Placeholder

. Vectors can also be thought of as a ​

Placeholder

that moves or points in some direction.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

magnitude

direction

scalar

distance

size

length

Categorize

Options (18)

Distance

Time

Speed

magnitude

Length

Volume

mass

Temperature

Acceleration

Velocity

Displacement

Force

Momentum

Weight

Thrust

Drag

Place in "Blank"

Place in "Empty"

Organize these options into the right categories

Scalar

Vector

Blank

Empty

​A vector that describe how far from origin a point or place is. It is a change in position and ignores the path traveled.

​​Displacement

A vector describing how fast an objects position changes. Commonly described as distance (or displacement) over some amount of time.

​​Velocity

A vector that describes how much an object speeds up or slows down in some amount of time. It is velocity divided by time.

​​Acceleration

Math Response

An bird flies from a tree and goes north 300 meters, then east 400 meters. How far from the tree is the bird?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 500

Deg^°

Rad

Math Response

A car travels 3600 meters at a constant rate in 1 minute. What is the car's velocity?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 60

Deg^°

Rad

Math Response

A skier starts down a slope and is going about 25 m/s after about 10 seconds. Assuming that the skier accelerates at a constant rate, what is the value of the skier's acceleration?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 2.5

Deg^°

Rad

There are some basics things to know about reading a graph.

1. Slope -- count the steps up, divide by the steps to the left or right

​

​Graphical Analysis

2. Area -- triangles are 1/2 base (time) x height (v)

   Rectangles are length (time) x width (v)

   Add them all together.

​

​Another region

3. Points -- A, B, C, D, and E are all POINTS on the graph we can get specific data from.

Even on the smallest point

Multiple Choice

What is the velocity and time at point C?

• 30 s, 400 m/s

• 40 s, 300 m/s

• 30 s, 300 m/s

• 80 s, 500 m/s

Multiple Choice

What shape is made by the region between points B and C?

• Triangle

• Square

• Polygon

• Rectangle

Multiple Choice

Which equation would I use to find the area from D to E

• 1/2 t x v

• t x t

• t / v

• t x v

a --> v --> d

Multiplying velocity and time tells us how far we've traveled.

​vt = d

We can determine the new velocity by multiplying the acceleration by time

​at = v

a <-- v <-- d

dividing distance and time tells us how fast we are going.

​d/t = v

We can determine the new acceleration by dividing the velocity by time

​v/t = a

Math Response

How fast is a cyclist going if she increases her speed by 2 m/s every second for 5 seconds?

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 10

Deg^°

Rad

​All objects possess momentum, even if the momentum is zero. Momentum is constant unless there is a net force present.

​​The Law of Inertia

​The change in a object's momentum, or motion, over some period of time is directly proportional to the net force applied to it.

​​The Law of Force

​For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The force applied by one object is also felt by the object in the opposite direction.

​​The Law of Action-Reaction

The acceleration of any object is directly proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

​

Law of Acceleration

Labelling

Match the equations with the depictions in the image. Don't overthink it. Bet on the same letters and numbers being in the same section.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

2a = 2F/m

a/2 = F/2m

More Force = More acceleration

More mass = less acceleration

a = F/m

F = m x a
Force is the "push" or "pull" applied to an object.
Contact forces exist between objects that are TOUCHING each other

​

​Forces

Categorize

Options (14)

Normal

Buoyant

Friction

Tension

Applied

Spring

Electromagnetic

Electrostatic

Nuclear

Electrical

Chemical

Thermal

BLANK

EMPTY

Organize these options into the right categories

Contact Force

Not a contact force

Blank

Empty

Net zero forces occur when the sum of all forces are zero. Objects experiencing Net Zero Forces will have ZERO change in their momentum, or motion. See Newton's First Law

​​Net Zero Forces

Unbalanced Forces do not equal zero when added together. They do cause a change in the motion of objects based on mass and acceleration.

​​Unbalanced Forces

Multiple Choice

Which of these is experiencing an unbalanced force?

• Junk floating in space

• A person standing still on the ground
• A car skidding on ice
• A boat sailing smoothly on calm water

Multiple Choice

Which of these illustrates a Net Zero Force?

• When a person pushes a box with a force of 10 N to the right, and another person pushes the same box with a force of 5 N to the left.
• When a person pushes a box with a force of 10 N to the right, and another person pushes the same box with a force of 10 N to the left.
• When a person pushes a box with a force of 10 N to the right, and another person pushes the same box with a force of 10 N upwards.
• When a person pushes a box with a force of 10 N to the right, and another person pushes the same box with a force of 15 N to the left.

Impulse, momentum, and force

Impulse equal change in momentum

Newton's 2nd Law states that F = change in p/t
Multiplying both sides by t, we get F x t = change in p
Impulse (J) = F x t
Therefore, J = change in p
Bigger Impulse, Bigger Change in Momentum

A force applied over a very short period of time, like a jab or kicking a ball. J = F x t

Impulse (J)

p = mv --> describes the motion of objects. Momentum is conserved in closed systems.

Momentum (p)

Momentum - Impulse

Multiple Choice

What is momentum?

• Quantity of motion of a moving body
• Force exerted by a stationary object
• Amount of energy in a system
• Speed of a stationary body

Multiple Choice

What is impulse?

• The force applied to an object over a period of time
• The speed of an object when a force is applied
• The distance an object travels when a force is applied
• A change in the quantity of motion of an object.

Multiple Choice

What is the momentum-impulse theorem?

• The momentum-impulse theorem relates the impulse applied to an object to the change in its momentum.
• The momentum-impulse theorem is only applicable to objects with constant mass.
• The momentum-impulse theorem states that momentum is conserved in all collisions.
• The momentum-impulse theorem relates the impulse applied to an object to the change in its velocity.

• How fast energy is consumed (60W lightbulb)

• the rate at which work is done --> Work/time

Power

• a force applied for a distance

• a change in kinetic energy

• doing "stuff"

Work

Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Energy

• the currency of the universe, it's what is spent to make things happen. Much like money in the bank let us do fun activities

• the ability to do work

• has many forms and changes from one form to another like money on a world tour

​Let's use terms we are familiar with. I like the picture but lets say

KE₁ + PE₁ = KE₂ + PE₂

​KE₁ + PE₁ = KE₂ + PE₂

describe the sum of potential and kinetic energy.
the energy of position and motion

Mechanical

Simply put... energy from electricity. It's used to power electronics and various devices.

Electrical

Sunshine, life-giving and terrible radiation, the energy that lets us see

Light

Kinetic energy on a subatomic level. Energy we feel as heat moving from hot to cold

​​Thermal

​the energy that propagates through matter (key word: medium). Energy we can "hear"

Sound

​Stored energy within chemical bonds that is released through chemical reactions using a catalyst, activating action, or reagent. Batteries store chemical energy

Chemical

​Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms. Shattering the nucleus through fission and joining two nuclei together with fusion are examples

Nuclear

Labelling

Identify the forms of energy. Each label is used exactly once.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Thermal

Sound

Mechanical

Electrical

Nuclear

Chemical

Light

​Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it changes from one form to another. This is evident in properly defined systems where work and heat are taken into account.​

Energy Conversion

Match

Organize these options into the right categories

Thermal Energy

Light Energy

Chemical Energy

Electrical Energy

Mechanical Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Light Energy

• Chemical Energy

• Electrical Energy

• Mechanical Energy

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between work and power?

• Work is the amount of energy transferred by a force acting through a distance, while power is the rate at which work is done or the amount of work done per unit time.
• Work is the distance traveled by an object, while power is the weight of the object
• Work is the force applied to an object, while power is the speed of the object
• Work is the amount of energy stored in an object, while power is the ability to lift heavy objects

Multiple Choice

How does energy change forms in a flashlight?

• Nuclear energy is converted to chemical energy, which then powers the light bulb to produce light and thermal energy.

• Mechanical energy is converted to heat energy, which then powers the light bulb to produce light and heat energy.

• Solar energy is converted to electrical energy, which then powers the light bulb to produce light and heat energy.

• Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy, which then powers the light bulb to produce light and thermal energy.

Multiple Choice

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

• Energy can only be transformed into matter
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
• Energy can be destroyed completely
• Energy can be created out of nothing