Systems Software

1

Systems Software

2

Using System Software:

The Operating System, Utility

Programs, and File Management

3

Topics

◼

System software

◼

Operating systems (OS):

•

Kinds of systems

•

Common desktop systems

•

User interaction

•

How the OS manages the processor

•

How the OS manages memory

4

Topics

◼

Operating systems:

•

How the OS manages hardware

•

How the OS manages interacts with

application software

•

How the OS helps to start the computer

•

How the OS helps you keep the

computer organized

◼

Desktop and windows features

◼

Utility programs

5

System Software

Operating

systems

◼

Control computer

functions:

•

Hardware

•

Memory

•

Application

programs

•

System

maintenance

◼

Provide user

interface

System utilities

◼

Programs that perform

computer

housekeeping tasks:

•

Manage system

resources

•

Improve efficiency

•

Virus prevention

6

Operating System Categories

◼

Four categories:

•

Real

-

Time (RTOS)

◼

No user interaction required

•

Single

-

User, Single

-

Task

•

Single

-

User, Multitask

•

Multiuser

7

Real

-

Time Operating Systems

◼

Built into devices,

not usually sold

separately

◼

Uses include:

•

Industrial machines

•

Robotic equipment

•

Automobiles

•

Video game

consoles

•

Home appliances

8

Single

-

User Operating Systems

Single

-

task

systems

◼

Perform one task at a time

◼

PDAs (Personal Digital

Assistants):

•

Pocket PC

•

Palm OS

•

Windows Mobile

◼

MS

-

DOS

Multitask systems

◼

Perform simultaneous

tasks

◼

Windows

◼

MAC OS

◼

Linux

9

Multiuser Operating Systems

◼

Known as network operating systems

◼

Allow access to the computer system by

more than one user

◼

Manage user requests

◼

Systems include:

•

UNIX

•

Linux

•

Novell Netware

•

Windows Server 2003

10

Desktop Operating Systems

◼

Operating system combined with the

processor is known as a platform

•

Microsoft Windows / Intel

•

Apple Macintosh / Motorola in older versions

•

Now Apple also uses the Intel processor

◼

Desktop operating systems include:

•

Microsoft Windows

•

MAC OS

•

UNIX

•

Linux

11

Microsoft Windows

◼

Market leader

–

90% market share

Click to view the various Windows systems

Windows

XP

(2001)

Offers a new
multi-user
desktop as
well as
improved
digital media
features and
Internet
capabilities.

Windows

ME

(2000)

This upgrade
to Windows
95 and
Windows 98
includes
system
backup and
multimedia
capabilities
(such as
Media Player).

Windows

2000

(2000)

This upgrade
to Windows NT
offers
improvements
to file security
and Internet
support.

Windows

98

(1998)

This upgrade
includes
additional file
protection and
incorporates
Internet
Explorer 4.0, a
customizable
taskbar, and
desktop
features

Windows

95

(1995)

This operating
system runs
faster
and more
efficiently,
introduces Plug
and Play
capabilities,
long file names,
short-cut
right-click
menus, and a
cleaner
desktop.

Windows

NT

(1993)

Fundamentally
different
operating
system with
increased
security, power,
performance,
and
multitasking
scheduler.

Windows

3.x

(1990-
1992)

First widely
used PC
graphical user
interface (GUI)
operating
system.
Improved
point-and-click
mouse
operations and
multitasking
capabilities.

Windows

2.0

(1987)

Includes better
graphics
capabilities and
introduces
keyboard
shortcuts and
the ability to
overlap
windows.

Windows

1.0

(1985)

Introduces
point-and-click
commands with
a mouse and
includes modest
multitasking
capabilities and
desktop
applications.

12

Windows Vista

◼

Introduced in 2007

Versions

Description

Windows XP

Comparable

Version

Windows Vista Home Basic

Low-level, budget home users.

Windows XP Home Edition

Windows Vista Home

Premium

Combines media features of to support advanced home

media uses such as HDTV and DVD authoring.

Windows XP Home Edition

with features from
Windows XP Media
Center Edition

Windows Vista Business

As its name implies, this version is aimed at the

business market. Similar to Windows XP
Professional, this version has added support for
networking capabilities. This product comes
bundled with a new version of Internet
Information Services (IIS), the most widely used
Web server for corporate Web sites.

Windows XP Professional

Windows Vista Enterprise

This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the

business market and is not be available through
retail stores or OEMs (Original Equipment
Manufacturers). It comes with Microsoft Virtual PC,
which enables it to run on any platform, and has a
multilingual user interface.

Windows Vista Ultimate

This is the “ultimate” operating system for high-end PC

users, gamers, multimedia professionals, and PC
enthusiasts. Vista Ultimate comes with RSS (Real-
time Simple Syndication) support for easy access
to podcasts and weblogs, a game performance
tweaker, DVD ripping capabilities, and other
online capabilities for downloading media.

13

MAC OS

◼

First operating system with point

-

and

-

click

technology (Graphical User Interface)

◼

Excellent in:

•

Graphics display

•

Processing capabilities

•

System reliability

•

Document recovery

◼

Fewer software applications

MAC OS X

14

UNIX

◼

Multiuser, multitask operating system

◼

Used primarily with mainframes

15

Linux

◼

Open

-

source

operating system

◼

Based on UNIX

◼

Stable system

◼

Free

◼

May be downloaded

through the

Internet

16

What the Operating System Does

◼

Provides user

interface

◼

Manages the CPU

◼

Manages memory

◼

Manages hardware

◼

Coordinates

application

software with the

CPU

17

The User Interface

◼

Enables you to

interact with the

computer

◼

Types of

interfaces:

•

Command

-

driven

interface

•

Menu

-

driven

interface

•

Graphical user

interface

Command-

driven

Menu-driven

Graphical

18

Process

4th

Process

3rd

Process

2nd

Process

1st

Processor Management

◼

Controls the timing of events the

processor works on

•

Interrupts

•

Interrupt handler

•

Interrupt table

•

Stack

REQUEST

Operatin

g

System

19

Memory Management

◼

The operating system allocates space

in RAM for instructions and data

RAM

Operating

System

20

Virtual Memory

◼

Instructions and data are stored on

the hard drive when RAM is full

•

Swap file

•

Paging

•

Thrashing

Operating

System

FULL

21

Hardware Management

◼

Device drivers:

•

Programs that enable

the operating system to

communicate with

peripheral devices

•

Provided by the

manufacturer of the

device

◼

Plug and Play:

•

Hardware and software

standard

•

Facilitates the

installation of new

hardware

22

Software Application Coordination

◼

Application programming interfaces

(APIs):

•

Blocks of code contained in the

operating system

•

Coordinates the operating system with

software applications

◼

Similar toolbars and menus

•

Microsoft Direct X

23

Starting the Computer

The Boot Process

◼

Step 1:

The basic

input/output system (BIOS)

is activated

◼

Step 2:

A Power

-

on self

-

test

(POST) checks attached

hardware

◼

Step 3:

The operating

system loads into memory

◼

Step 4:

Configuration and

customization settings are

checked

1

2

3

4

24

Handling Errors in the

Boot Process

◼

Non

-

system disk or disk

error

•

Remove the floppy from

the drive and press any

key

◼

POST errors

•

Single beep: Everything is

loading properly

•

Series of beeps: Hardware

problem

◼

Safe mode

•

Windows does not boot

properly

•

Uninstall any new devices

or software

25

The Desktop

◼

Desktop

features:

•

Shortcut icons

•

My Documents

•

Start button

•

Quick launch

•

Open programs

•

Taskbar

•

System tray

•

toolbar

SHORTCUT ICONS
A

B

C

D

E
G

H

I

_______________

MY DOCUMENTS

MY COMPUTER

START BUTTON

QUICK LAUNCH

TASKBAR
SYSTEM TRAY

TOOLBAR

____________

____________

____________

____________

_________
___________

_________

F

OPEN
PROGRAMS
_________
_________

Click to view
Desktop features

26

G

PINNED ITEMS LIST_______________

Start Menu

A
USER NAME

ALL PROGRAMS
BUTTON

SPECIAL FOLDERS
SYSTEM AREA
HELP

MOST FREQUENTLY
USED LIST

USER LOG OFF

SHUT DOWN/RESTART

F

E

D

C

B

_____________

___________

_______________

____________

_______________
_______________
_______________

_______________

Click to view Start
menu features

27

Window

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

SCROLLBARS

STATUS BAR

VIEW OPTIONS

TOOLBARS

MENU BAR

TITLE BAR

SIZING BUTTONS

__________

__________

__________

______________

____________

____________

_______________

Click to view
Window features

28

File Management

◼

The operating system provides an

organizational structure to the

computer’s contents

◼

Hierarchical structure of directories:

•

Drives

◼

Folders

❖

Subfolders

◼

Files

29

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders

◼

Windows Explorer

◼

Views

30

Viewing and Sorting

Files and Folders

◼

Windows

Explorer

•

Detail

View

•

Sorted

and

grouped

31

Naming Files

◼

Filename:

•

Name assigned plus

filename extension

◼

only characters not

legal in filenames

are:

\

⁄

:

*

?

"

<

>

¦

◼

all others are

allowed

Bioreport.doc

or

Bioreport.doc

32

Filename Extensions

◼

Filename

extensions:

•

Used by

programs

Extension

Type of Document

Application

.doc

Word processing

document

Microsoft Word;

Corel WordPerfect

.xls

Workbook

Microsoft Excel

.ppt

PowerPoint

presentation

Microsoft

PowerPoint

.mdb

Database

Microsoft Access

.bmp

Bitmap image

Windows

.zip

Compressed file

WinZip

.pdf

Portable Document

Format

Adobe Acrobat

.htm or

.html

Web page

Hypertext Markup

Language

33

File path

◼

File path

•

Location of the file

C:

Tech in Action\TIA Pics\

\My Documents\

dotmatrix.gif

Drive
Primary

folder

Subfolders

Filename

34

Working with Files

◼

File management

actions:

•

Open

•

Copy

•

Move

•

Rename

•

Delete

◼

Recycle bin

Savingfiles

35

Utility Programs

◼

Small application programs that

perform special functions:

•

Manage system

resources

•

Create a pleasant

environment

•

Improve efficiency

36

Display Utilities

◼

Change the appearance of:

•

Desktop

•

Windows colors

•

Font sizes

•

Screen savers

•

Screen resolution

37

Add or Remove Programs

◼

Installation wizard

◼

Uninstall wizard:

•

Do not just delete program files to

remove programs

38

System Maintenance Utilities

◼

Disk cleanup

•

Deletes

unnecessary files

39

System Maintenance Utilities

◼

Disk defragmenter

•

Tidies up a disk to

make it run faster

◼

ScanDisk:

•

Error

-

checker

40

System Maintenance Utilities

◼

Task manager

•

Allows you to see

and control the

processes on your

machine

•

Can be used to find

spyware

41

System Restore

◼

System

Restore:

•

Restores the

system settings

back to a

specific date

42

System Backup

◼

Backup:

•

Creates a copy of

the hard drive to

another storage

device

43

Accessibility Utilities

◼

Utility manager:

•

Magnify screen

image

•

Screen contents

narration

•

On

-

screen keyboard