Cell Structure

Cell Structure

3B20,25,27,28

Cell

​Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. They are complex and their components perform various functions in an organism. Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialized functions to carry out life processes.

​Now, let us introduce the structure of cell to you

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This is the structure of animal cell

Multiple Select

The function of cell membrane

• It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

• lt protects, supports,

  and gives shape

  to the cell

• It is

  differentially permeable

  i.e. it only allows certain substances to pass through

• lt is a jully-like

  fluid consisting of mainly water and proteins

Cell membrane

• It is a thin and flexible membrane mainly made up of phospholipids and proteins

• It encloses the cell and separates the cell contents from the outside environment

• It is differentially permeable, i.e. it only allows certain substances to pass through

• It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Multiple Select

The function of cytoplasm

• • It allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell

• • It is the site for many chemical reactions

• • It is fully permeable,

  • i.e. it allows water and all dissolved substances to pass through

• lt is a jully-like

  fluid consisting of mainly water and proteins

Cytoplasm

• It is a jelly-like fluid consisting of mainly water and proteins

• It holds many organelles (e.g. nucleus and mitochondria)

• It is the site for many chemical reactions

• It allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell

Multiple Choice

The function of nucleus

• • It allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell

• • It is the site for many chemical reactions.

• • It is double membrane

• lt is a jully-like

  fluid consisting of mainly water and proteins

Nucleus

• It is a spherical structure bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane. There are pores in the nuclear membrane, which allow the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

• It contains DNA, the genetic material of the cell. DNA carries genetic information, which controls the activities of the cell.

Multiple Choice

The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

• • It allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell

• • It is the site for the synthesis of proteins

• • It is double membrane

• lt is a jully-like

  fluid consisting of mainly water and proteins

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

• It with ribosomes attached

• It is a site for the synthesis of proteins

Multiple Choice

The function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• • It allows the movement and transport of materials inside the cell

• • It is the site for the synthesis of proteins

• • It is double membrane

• lt is no ribosomes attached

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• It without ribosomes attached

• It is a site for the synthesis of lipids

Multiple Choice

The function of mitochondrion

• • It organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration

• • It is the site for the synthesis of proteins

• • It is double membrane

• lt is no ribosomes attached

Mitochondrion

• It is bounded by a double membrane. The inner membrane is highly folded

• It is the main site of respiration. It converts chemical energy in food into energy that the cell can use

• The number of mitochondria in a cell is related to the energy requirement of the cell. Generally, more mitochondria are present in cells that use a lot of energy

Multiple Choice

The function of vacuole

• • It organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration

• • It is the site for the synthesis of proteins

• • It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a

    single membrane

• lt is no ribosomes attached

Vacuole

• It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane

• Most animal cells have only a few small vacuoles and some do not have any. Their vacuoles may contain water, enzymes and food

• Plant cells often have a large central vacuole. It contains cell sap, which is a liquid containing water and dissolved substances such as glucose, pigments and waste

Multiple Choice

The function of ribosome

• • It organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration

• • It is the site for the synthesis of proteins

• • It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a

    single membrane

• • It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane

Ribosome

• It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane

• Some ribosomes are attached to rough ER, while others are lying free in the cytoplasm

• It is involved in the synthesis of proteins

This is the structure of plant cell

Multiple Choice

The function of cell wall

• • It organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration

• • It is the site for the synthesis of proteins

• It is a thick, rigid outermost layer made up of cellulose

• • It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane

Cell wall

• It is present in all plant cells but not in animal cells

• It is a thick, rigid outermost layer mainly made up of cellulose

• It is fully permeable, i.e. it allows water and all dissolved substances to pass through

• It protects, supports and gives shape to the plant cell

Multiple Choice

The function of chloroplast

• • It organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration

• • It is bounded by a double membrane, with a network of membrane inside

• It is a thick, rigid outermost layer made up of cellulose

• • It is a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane

Cell wall

• It is present in all plant cells but not in animal cells

• It is a thick, rigid outermost layer mainly made up of cellulose

• It is fully permeable, i.e. it allows water and all dissolved substances to pass through

• It protects, supports and gives shape to the plant cell

Chloroplast

• It is bounded by a double membrane, with a network of membrane inside

• It is present in green plant cells, e.g. palisade mesophyll cells and guard cells in leaves. It is not present in animal cells

• It contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy in food in photosynthesis

• Starch grains are often present inside. This is because some of the glucose produced during photosynthesis is converted into starch and temporarily stored in chloroplast

End

We hope this lesson can introduce the structure of cell to you