Nervous System Ch. 10

​Nervous System

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​Function of the Nervous System

• Sensory ​Input

  • ​sensory perception from afferent pathways and specialized sensory cells

• ​Integration

  • ​Pathways to the specific areas of the brain and spinal cord

• ​Motor Output

  • ​convert the signal into some form of response

​Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

• Sympathetic

  • "​fight or flight"

    • ​prepares body for perceived danger

      • ​overrides logical thought

• ​Parasympathetic

  • ​"rest, relax, repair"

    • ​maintain long-term health and a healthy balance across all of the body’s function

Multiple Choice

The "fight or flight" response during threatening situations in the role of the:

• sympathetic nervous system
• parasympathetic system
• somatic nervous system
• cerebellum

Multiple Choice

The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves that branch out from the CNS (central nervous system) and connect to other body parts

• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic
• Autonomic
• Peripheral

​Afferent and Efferent

• ​Afferent

  • ​Arrives to the CNS via PNS

• ​Efferent

  • ​Exits CNS via PNS

    • ​somatic response

    • ​autonomic response

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?

• gathers information

• processes information

• transmits information

• all of the above

​Nevous System Cells

• ​Neurons

  • ​impulse-conducting cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

• ​Neuroglial Cells

  • ​form a supporting and/or insulating structure for the neurons

​Astrocytes (CNS)

• ​Star shaped

• ​most abundant glial cell

• ​Functions

  • ​forms blood brain barrier

  • ​supportive framework

  • ​regulates blood flow to neurons

  • ​absorbs NTs from synaptic tissue fluid

  • ​Astrocytosis/scerosis

    • ​scar tissue around damaged neurons

  • ​Converts Glucose to lactate for nourishment

​Microglia (CNS)

• ​WBC (white blood cell) macrophages

• ​Functions

  • Homeostatic

    • ​Monitor the environment

  • Activated

    • instigate the inflammatory response

      • ​cytokines

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Multiple Choice

Which type of neuroglial cell is located between neurons and capillaries to control what enters the cells from the blood?

• Astrocytes

• Oligodendrocytes

• Schwann cells

• Satellite cells

Multiple Choice

If we did not have this type of immune cell, bacteria could more easily infiltrate our brain tissue:

• Satellite cells

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglia

• Schwann cells

​Oligodendrocytes CNS)

• ​Adaptive myelinating cells of the CNS

• ​function

  • ​to insulate neurons increasing the speed of impulses along the axon

​Ependymal Cells of the CNS

• ​Ciliated cuboidal to columnar cells that line the brain and spinal cord

• ​Function

  • ​create cerebral spinal fluid

  • ​circulates the CSF

Neuroglial cells of PNS

• ​Satellite Cells

  • ​Forms an envelope around neuronal cell bodies

• ​Schwann cell

  • ​myelinating cells of the PNS

    • ​same function of oligodendrocytes

Multiple Choice

This glial cell is responsible for creating the myelin for the Central Nervous System.

• Neuron

• Schwann cell

• Oligodendrocyte

• Microglia

​Neurogenesis and Misconceptions

• ​Neurons are Mature cells that Do Not divide

• ​Neural stems located in the brain (hypothalamus and deep cerebrum) divide into neuroblast and migrate to different areas of the brain even in adults

• ​Most Brain Tumors are a result of mitotic neuroglial cells

​Neurocircuitry

• ​the dynamic functional network of overlapping and spatially significant interactions that dictate neurological function

Multiple Choice

If we did not have this type of immune cell, bacteria could more easily infiltrate our brain tissue:

• Satellite cells

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglia

• Schwann cells