Endocrine Glands and Feedback Loops PPT

Match

Match the gonads and their functions

• females

• males

• testosterone

• estrogen

• progesterone

ovaries

testes

sperm

secondary sexual characteristics

regulate menstrual cycle

• ovaries

• testes

• sperm

• secondary sexual characteristics

• regulate menstrual cycle

Open Ended

Define homeostasis

Open Ended

What is the difference between a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop?

What are the endocrine functions

of the gonads?

⦿ Gonads= reproductive organs

that produce sex cells and
secrete sex hormones

⦿ Females- ovaries

⦿ Males- testes

Estrogen

Maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex
characteristics

Progesterone

Cause breast development and control of menstrual cycle

Testosterone

Maturation of reproductive organs and secondary sex
characteristics, production of sperm

Secretes atrial natriuretic peptide: reduces blood volume and
pressure

Stomach &

Small

Intestine

Several digestive hormones that regulate multiple digestive
processes

Placenta

Steroid and protein hormones that influence pregnancy

Kidneys

Erythropoietin: signals bone marrow to produce more red blood cells

Skin

Produces Vitamin D, which allows digestive system to absorb
Calcium from food

Fatty
Tissue

Produces leptin, which controls appetite

Heart

How are hormones regulated?

•Control of hormone secretion is required to
regulate the amount of hormones released into the
body.

•Often this control comes from feedback
mechanisms.
•Example: The thyroid gland secretes
the hormone thyroxine (T4). It
won’t secrete thyroxine, though,
until it is stimulated by other
hormones from the hypothalamus
and anterior pituitary glands. If the
level of thyroxine in the blood
becomes too high, the
hypothalamus and pituitary will stop
producing the stimulating
hormones, thus slowing the thyroid
from producing thyroxine.

Multiple Choice

How are hormones regulated ?

• Through the skeletal system
• By the respiratory system
• Through feedback mechanisms by the endocrine system
• Through the digestive system

Endocrine system

Hypothalamus secretes
hormones into the
pituitary
(specifically
thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

Pituitary secretes
thyroid-stimulating
hormone

Thyroid secretes
thyroxine into blood,
which increases
metabolism

When thyroxine levels
get too high, the
hypothalamus is
triggered to stop the
impulse

HOMEOSTASIS

Multiple Choice

How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis?

• By controlling the body's temperature through sweat
• By producing enzymes to break down food
• By regulating the amount of oxygen in the blood
• By releasing hormones to regulate bodily functions

What happens when endocrine

glands function improperly?

•Improper functioning of an endocrine gland may
cause:
•Hyposecretion- not enough hormone is released

•Hypersecretion- too much hormone is released

•All endocrine disorders are caused by either
the hyposecretion or hypersecretion of
hormones.

Open Ended

Explain the difference between hypersecretion and hyposecretion.

•The endocrine system is controlled by
feedback loops, like that of the
hypothalamus – pituitary – thyroid
system. If the glands of the endocrine
system malfunction, it often results in
the hypersecretion or hyposecretion
of hormones.

Summary