Evolution Class XII MIPA 4

EVOLUSI

With Ms. Anisa

22 January 2024

Khusus untuk Kelas XII MIPA 4

yuk pahami apa tujuan
pembelajarannya!

Pemahaman Asal Usul Kehidupan.

1.

Pemahaman Perubahan Lingkungan.

2.

Pengembangan Cabang Ilmu Biologi

3.

Meningkatkan Literasi Ilmiah

4.

Mengatasi Kontroversi dan
Miskonsepsi

5.

Multiple Choice

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as

• vestigial structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• fossil structures

Jadi begini, evolusi itu seperti si Kura-kura yang melangkah ke depan...nggak

terburu-buru, tapi pasti sampai ke tujuan. Proses yang berjalan pelan-pelan ini
bikin perubahan genetik antargengsi makhluk hidup. Menurut teori evolusi, kita
semua punya leluhur yang sama, loh! Makhluk hidup yang awalnya sederhana ini

berkembang biak, berubah bentuk, hingga jadi seperti kita sekarang.

Pengertian Evolusi

Mutasi genetik: Perubahan acak dalam materi genetik
yang dapat menghasilkan variasi baru dalam populasi.

Mekanisme Evolusi

Seleksi Alam memberi penghargaan

kepada makhluk yang memiliki

keterampilan bertahan hidup terbaik

dengan memungkinkan mereka
berkembang dan bereproduksi.

Migrasi atau perpindahan: Perpindahan
individu dari satu populasi ke populasi lain

dapat membawa perubahan genetik.

Bukti

Terjadinya

Evolusi

Fosil: Jejak fosil menunjukkan
adanya perubahan bentuk organisme
dari masa ke masa.

1.

Analogi dan homologi: Kesamaan
struktur dan fungsi pada organisme
menunjukkan hubungan evolusioner.

2.

Bukti molekuler: Perbandingan DNA
dan protein antar spesies dapat
memberikan informasi tentang
hubungan kekerabatan.

3.

Evolusi divergen: Proses di mana spesies yang memiliki nenek moyang
bersama berkembang menjadi spesies yang semakin berbeda.

1.

Evolusi konvergen: Organisme yang tidak memiliki kekerabatan dekat
mengembangkan karakteristik serupa karena adaptasi terhadap
lingkungan serupa.

2.

Evolusi ko-evolusi: Interaksi antara dua spesies yang saling
memengaruhi evolusi satu sama lain.

3.

Jenis-jenis

Evolusi

Meskipun terdapat bukti yang kuat mendukung teori evolusi,
beberapa orang masih meragukan konsep ini. Beberapa alasan

keraguan meliputi:

Ketidakpahaman terhadap bukti ilmiah.1.

Kepercayaan agama atau pandangan filosofis tertentu.2.

Tidak memahami konsep waktu geologis yang sangat panjang
yang diperlukan oleh evolusi.

3.

Keraguan terhadap

Evolusi

Worksheet

Pertanyaan

Setujukah Anda bahwa setiap

organisme merupakan produk

evolusi?

Kesimpulan

Cap off a productive class with

key summary points students

can easily remember.

Evolusi adalah konsep perubahan
bertahap dalam kehidupan di Bumi
dan tetap menjadi landasan utama
dalam pemahaman ilmiah tentang

keragaman kehidupan. Evolusi
memainkan peran penting dalam

menjelaskan asal usul dan

perkembangan kehidupan di planet
kita berdasarkan bukti-bukti ilmiah.

Homework

Jika Anda berada pada standpoin setuju maupun tidak setuju,

cari bukti-bukti yang dapat mendukung standpoint Anda.

Minimal 2 artikel penelitian

lalu buat simpulan yang menyatukan pandangan dari 2 artikel

tersebut

Multiple Choice

What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

• no evolutionary relationships between the groups
• recent common ancestry
• similar environments in the past
• evolution froma distant common ancestor

Multiple Choice

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of

• natural selection
• artificial selection
• extinction
• adaptation

Multiple Choice

Which best describes fossils?

• They are the preserved remains or evidence of ancient living things
• They are the preserved remains or evidence of ancient living and nonliving things
• They are the preserved bones of ancient animals
• They are impressions of plant leaves in ancient rocks

Multiple Choice

Why don't all living things become fossils?

• because some living things are too small
• because some living things are too big
• because some are subject to catastrophism and others are not
• because environmental conditions have to be just right to prevent decay

Multiple Choice

When scientists compare the amino acid sequences for the red blood cell protein hemoglobin between various species, what can they determine about the evolutionary relationship between the species?

• It can be determined how efficient hemoglobin is for different species
• It can provide evidence about the relatedness of the different species: if they are more similar they have a more recent common ancestor.
• It cannot determine relatedness between different species, only individuals of the same species
• It can show which species evolved first

Multiple Choice

The Table below shows the # of differences in amino acids in a protein called “Cytochrome C” when comparing humans to other organisms. The protein is used by many plants and animals to convert energy in cells.
List the 4 closest human relatives based on this biochemical comparison.

• chimpanzee, horse, rattlesnake, snapping turtle
• chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus monkey, horse
• fruit fly, bread mold, tuna fish, snapping turtle
• gorilla, rhesus monkey, rattlesnake, gorilla

Multiple Choice

The forelimbs of vertebrates, like the ones pictured here, are similar in terms of number of bones and the orientation of bones. Which best describes how comparing homologous structures provides evidence of evolution?

• The genes for the body plan and forelimb layout were present in a common ancestral species vertebrates share, thus passed onto all vertebrates.
• Similar anatomical structures show how animals adapt to changing environments
• Homologous structures show that different species evolve at different rates
• Homologous structures don’t actually provide evidence for evolution

Multiple Choice

What do phylogenic trees do?

• Help you visualize how species are related.
• Provide windbreaks in your yard.
• Provide DNA details.

Thank You
For Today!

See you in the next class!