Peloponnesian War play

What were the causes and

consequences of the
Peloponnesian Wars?

6.45: Analyze the causes and consequences of
the Peloponnesian Wars, including how the
growing political conflict between Athens and
Sparta led to war and left the city-states open
to conquest by the Macedonians.

Athens

or

Sparta

The year is 478 BCE and Sparta and
Athens have led Greek city states

against numerous Persian invasions

and defeated them.

Sparta and Athens have created two different
types of alliances to help protect Greece from

Persian invasions.

Delian League and the Peloponnesian League.

Research your league and fill out the questions on

your paper about it.

Look at the Hot Question on page 27...

How do you think SPARTA will react to Athens
gaining power after the Persian War?

How do you think other DELIAN LEAGUE
MEMBERS will react to Athens gaining power
after the Persian War?

Which is better?

Read and highlight “Athens Rivals Sparta” pages 29-30

Athens is located in
central Greece. It is a

naval power because it is
located near the coast. The

city was destroyed by
Persia and needs to be

rebuilt.

Circle Athens on your map.

Sparta is located on the

Peloponnesus Peninsula. It
is a land power because it
is landlocked. It is feared

for its strong hoplite

army.

Circle Sparta on your map.

Sparta/

Peloponnesian

League

Athens/ Delian

League

Record up to two notes on the
skills these soldiers needed to

master and how their their roles

impacted their role in society.

Greece is famous for its style of warfare. On land,
Greeks fought by using a phalanx made up of
soldiers called hoplites. The phalanx was an
incredibly strong battle formation.

Hoplites held large round shields that protected
only part of their body. In order to protect the other
half, they had to stay close to their fellow soldiers.

This form of fighting helped Sparta develop an
assembly as part of an oligarchy.

For hundreds of years, the Phoenician and
Mycenaeans had been trading and fighting
on the Mediterranean Sea.

A skilled rower was just as valued as an
experienced hoplite. Being able to maneuver
a ship quickly depended on the skill of
rowers.

This form of fighting helped Athens develop
direct democracy because rowers demanded
a say in government.

The type of ship Greeks typically used
was called a trireme. It was a fast and
maneuverable ship. Naval warfare was

conducted by ramming other ships.

Show the skills of your fighters

THIS JUST IN!

The Delian League has defeated new
Persian attempts to invade Greece!

Athenian allies you are safe from

Persian invasions!

Does this help or hurts the support of

the Delian League?

An Athenian leader and

general named Pericles has

helped make Athens the

most powerful city state in

Greece. But he has no

patience for Delian League
members not paying their

tribute since Athens is
providing most of the

soldiers, rowers and ships.

Some city states refused to
pay tribute and rebelled.
Pericles sent an army to
crush these rebellions. He

overthrew the governments
and installed a democracy.

Does this help or hurts

the support of the

Delian League?

Debate?

This is the start of the

backlash against

Athenian domination of
Greece and the Aegean
Sea. Pericles’ demands
and harsh treatment

enraged many city states

who had formerly

thought of themselves as

Athenian allies.

●Was this fair?

●How would you feel if
this was done to you?

●What do you think is
going to happen?

Athens has moved the

headquarters of the Delian
League from Delos to Athens.

Delos was where ALL the

tribute money was being kept!

Athens was completely

destroyed during the Persian

Wars when Athenians

abandoned their city. Pericles

used some of the tribute

money to rebuild and

beautify Athens.

Does this help or hurt

the support of the

Delian League?

Debate

Many city states in the Delian

League are furious as they

see their tribute payments go

to beautify Athens.

●Was this fair?

●How would you feel if
this was done to you?

●What do you think is
going to happen?

Athens has turned the Delian League alliance into an Athenian Empire.

City states who were punished by Athens for wanting to leave the

league or rebelled have been pushed too far.

The Delian League and Peloponnesian League have gone to war with

each other.

Now that war has broken out, Athens and Sparta are

developing strategies to fight the war.

Athens is a naval power. They
are able to put 300 triremes out

to sea at a time.

Athens uses its naval power to
attack Sparta and its allies by

sea.

The Athenians have built long

walls around their city and port.
They are to be resupplied by sea

as long as it takes.

Delian League Strategy - Long Walls and Resupply by sea

Sparta is a land power.

They have the best hoplite army

in all of Greece.

Their strategy will be to march
into enemy territory and destroy

crops until they give up.

Sparta has marched its powerful hoplite
army into Attica (Athens). It is burning
crops and is chopping down olive trees.
All Athenian citizens have fled and hid
behind Athens’ long walls. Sparta wants
to fight a hoplite battle against Athens,

but Athens knows it will lose, so they

never give Sparta the chance.

Athenians are protected behind the long

walls. They are able to resupply the city by
sea. Athens sends its navy to raid Spartan

allies.

Write the impacts in the Picture Reveal box

What happened to Athens?

How does this plague
impact your side of the
war?

Read “The Peloponnesian War” on
pages 30 and 31.

The war raged for another ten

years! Athens had many
victories, but with Persian

support (weapons and money),

the Spartans were able to

decisively defeat the Athenians
at sea. Sparta then laid siege to

Athens for a year until they

surrendered.

What were the consequences of
the Peloponnesian Wars?

What were three impacts of the Peloponnesian War?

The Peloponnesian War marked the end of the Golden Age of Greece, a
change in styles of warfare, and the fall of Athens, once the strongest
city-state in Greece. The balance in power in Greece was shifted when

Athens was absorbed into the Spartan Empire. It continued to exist

under a series of tyrants and then a democracy. Athens lost its

dominance in the region to Sparta, who became the hegemon (most

powerful) in Greece until both were conquered less than a century later

and made part of the kingdom of Macedon.

-History.com (Secondary Source)

On the next slide, find a way to
connect each image with the events of
the Peloponnesian Wars.

See if you can place them in order.

Talk with your table group.

Nearpod video

Complete chart page 32

Turn to page 31 and draw 3 events

from the Peloponnesian War.