Studying for Rocks

What do you need to know about Igneous Rocks?

Igneous Rocks form when molten rock(Magma or Lava) cools and becomes a solid.

Facts about Igneous Rocks(You should only know the first one for the test)

• Igneous Rocks form when magma or lava cools and becomes solid

• 95% of the Earth's crust is made out of igneous rocks

• Many mountains are also made out of igneous rocks

• Igneous rocks usually don't react with acid

• Polished Granite(An igneous rock) is usually used to make countertops.

• The name comes from the word ignis which means "fire" in Latin

  
  

An intrusive igneous rock is a type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools or hardens beneath Earth's surface.

Intrusive Igneous Rock

An extrusive igneous rock is a type of igneous rock that forms as lava cools or hardens on Earth's surface.

​Extrusive Igneous Rock

Two types of Igneous Rocks.

Intrusive:
Diorite
Granite
Pegmatite
Gabbro
Syenite
Peridotite

Examples of Intrusive and Extrusive

Extrusive:
Basalt
Obsidian
Rhyolite
Pumice
Tuff
Scoria
Dacite
Andesite

Igneous Rocks | Pictures of Intrusive and Extrusive Rock Types

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Multiple Choice

What are the two types of Igneous Rocks and how are they formed?

• Sedimentary; Sediments getting compacted together. Metamorphic: Igneous and Sedimentary going through intense heat or pressure.

• Extrusive; Lava cools and/or hardens above Earth's surface. Intrusive; Magma cools and/or hardens beneath Earth's surface.

What do you need to know about Sedimentary Rocks?

Sedimentary Rocks are formed by sediments being pressed or glued together.

Facts about Sedimentary Rocks

• Sedimentary rocks cover most of the Earth's rocky surface, but they only make up a small percentage of the Earth's crust

• They often contain fossils of plants and animals millions of years old

• Limestone (An example of Sedimentary rock) is often made from the fossilized remains of ocean life that died millions of years ago.

• These rocks form layers called strata which can often be seen in exposed cliffs.

• Only sedimentary rocks contain fossils in them (which help us trace back earth's history).

• Sedimentary rocks are known for having large oil and natural gas reserves.

• Limestone

• Sandstone

• Shale

• Chalk

• Clay

Normal Sedimentary

• Limestone

• Sandstone

• Chert

• Coal

• Gypsum

Chemical Sedimentary

Examples of Sedimentary
vs. Chemical Sedimentary

​Chemical sedimentary rocks form when water that travels through rocks dissolves minerals

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Multiple Choice

What are 3 examples of Sedimentary rocks( All have to be correct, not just one or two)

• Limestone, Coal, Shale

• Gneiss, Basalt, Pumice

• Phyllite, Schist, Marble

• Clay, Diorite, Quartzite

What do you need to know about Metamorphic Rocks?

​A Metamorphic Rock is formed from existing rocks that have been exposed to intense heat or pressure

Facts about Metamorphic Rocks

• Metamorphic rocks are often squished, smeared out, and folded.

• Quartzite and Marble being the most used metamorphic rocks are used for building materials and artwork.

• Metamorphic rocks were first "discovered" by a petrologist named Pentti Eelis Eskola in 1914.

• Metamorphic rocks usually have more luster than igneous or sedimentary rocks.

• Schist (A metamorphic rock) is usually very shiny.

• Foliated metamorphic rocks can be wavy.

Geological Society - Metamorphic Rocks

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The process by which bonds between atoms in minerals break and re-form in new ways during metamorphism.

Recrystallization

The original rock from which a metamorphic rock is formed. Example- The parent rock of marble (metamorphic) is limestone( sedimentary

Parent Rock

Vocab you need to know

The process in which sediments(that have been carried by natural processes) are laid

Deposition

Occurs when new minerals stick sediments together, acting like glue.

Cementation

More Vocab you need to know

This occurs when sediments are deeply buried, making them have lots of pressure. This pressure squashes the sediments tightly.

Compaction

The process by which natural forces such as wind break down rocks.

Weathering

Even More Vocab ( There's a lot)

The process in which sediment is picked up and moved to another place.

​Erosion

A trace of the remains of a once-living thing from long ago.

Fossil

These are the last ones, I promise

Multiple Choice

What is a Parent Rock?

• A fictional character in a children's book
• A large stone used for landscaping
• The original rock from which a metamorphic rock is formed

• A type of music popular with teenagers