Chemical Bonding Review

Chemical Bonding Review

• Bond​ between metal & nonmetal.

• Valence electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal.

• Creates a cation of the metal (positive ion) & anion of the nonmetal (negative ion).

• Ions are held together in the bond by electrostatic force (opposite charges attract each other)

Ionic Bonding

Ionic Nomenclature (naming & formulas)
Compound must be neutral.

• Ion charges are needed to figure out formula.

• Use charges from their group location unless transition metal and then use roman numeral.

• Look to see if charges cancel or flip charges if needed.

Formula

• Metal element comes first--Name remains unchanged.

• ​Nonmetal element comes second, ending is replaced with "ide".

• NO PREFIXES USED.

Naming

• Shows the valence electrons of the atom.

• ​If the atom becomes an ion, show the new charge and addition or removal of valence electrons.

​

Electron Dot Models

Fill in the Blanks

Ionic bonding occurs between a _ and a )_.

(Answer with a comma between your answers)

Fill in the Blanks

What is the name of this compound?

CuCl₂

_{Hint: look at copper's location on periodic table}

Fill in the Blanks

What is the formula for silver (ii) bromide?

Multiple Select

Which of these metals would form an ionic compound with oxygen with the general formula M₂O?

Select all.

• sodium

• magnesium

• strontium

• aluminum

• lithium

Multiple Select

Which of these are ionic compounds?

Select all.

• AsO₃

• SrI₂

• CoO

• HF

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct model for a neutral nitrogen atom?

• E

• F

• G

• H

1. High melting/boiling points

2. Solid, crystal lattice structure at room temperature.

3. Conducts electricity when dissolved in water or melted.

4. Brittle as solids and usually dissolve easily in water.

​

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Multiple Select

Which of these descriptions describe an

ionic compound?

Select all.

• The substance dissolves in water & has medium-high electrical conductivity.

• The substance melts at 50⁰C

• Substance is a liquid at room temperature.

• The substance has a crystal structure and no odor.

• Occurs between two or more nonmetals.

• Electrons are shared between elements. BUT not always shared equally.

• Bond is held together by elements completing their octets and becoming stable.

​

Covalent Bonding

Prefixes
Mono: one
Di: two
Tri: three
Tetra: four
Penta: five
Hexa: six
Hepta: seven
Octa: eight
Nona: nine
Deca: ten

• First element name remains the same BUT adds a prefix if more than one.

• Second element name MUST have a prefix and ending changes to "ide".

Naming

Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds

Less than 0.4 = nonpolar covalent
Between 0.4 and 2.0= polar covalent
Over 2.0 = ionic

Determine the type of bond

• Check the electronegativity of the two elements bonding to see which is more attractive to electrons.

• Whichever element has higher electronegativity will attract valence electrons to it.

Polarity

Covalent Bonding

Fill in the Blanks

What is the formula for iodine pentoxide?

Fill in the Blanks

What is the name for Br₄P?

Covalent Compound Properties

• Low melting/boiling points

• Often liquid or gas at room temperature, but may be solid.

• Poor conductors of electricity.

• Often dissolve poorly in water.

Multiple Choice

Which of these would be covalent compound?

• left compound

• right compound

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an ionic compound?

Left or right.

• Left
• Right

• Metallic bonding occurs when metal atoms share valence electrons among the atoms.​

• The bond is held together by the attraction of the V.E. to the nucleus.

• This creates a sea of electrons that allows properties of conductivity, malleability (ability to bend), ductility (to be pulled into a wire) for metals.

• This creates a crystal structure in metal elements.

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Metallic Bonding

Multiple Select

Which of these items would have metallic bonds?

Select all.

• Aluminum foil

• Salt

• A quarter

• Rust (iron oxide)