Islamic Essentials

ISLAMIC ESSENTIALS

FOR STUDENTS

Building a Strong Faith

Divine Revelation - Qur’an and Sunnah

Hadeeth: The recorded
sayings, actions, and
approvals of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH),

which provide guidance

for Muslims.

Quran: Allah's final

revelation to humanity,

given to Prophet

Muhammad (PBUH)

through Angel Jibreel in

Arabic over 23 years.

Sunnah: The actions,

sayings, and approvals of

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

that serve as a model for

Muslims in their daily lives.

Tajweed: The skill of

beautiful Quranic

recitation and its rules for

accurate pronunciation

Surah:A chapter of the

Quran, used for prayers and
reflection, with 114 Surahs
covering various aspects of

faith and guidance.

Sahih al-Bukhari and

Sahih Muslim are
renowned Hadeeth

collections considered

the most authentic
books of Sunnah.

Juz: One of the thirty equal
parts into which the Quran
is divided for convenience

in recitation and study.

Sihah Sittah: The six trusted

collections of Hadeeth:
Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih

Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawood,

Sunan at-Tirmidhi, Sunan
an-Nasa'i, and Sunan Ibn

Majah

Divine Revelation refers to

the communication of
sacred knowledge and
guidance from a divine

source (Quran and

Sunnah) to Muslims.

The Quran consists

of 114 surahs

(chapters) and is
divided into 30 Juzs

(parts).

The first ayah (verse) of
the Quran is from Suratul
Ala: verse 1. The last verse

revealed is in Surah Al-

Baqarah: verse 281.

Last Surah to be
revealed in full is

Surat An Nasr.

The biggest Surah is
Al Baqarah and the

smallest is Al

Kawthar.

Sunnah is categorised
into two types: Sunnah

Mu'akkadah

(emphasised) and

Sunnah Ghair Mu'akkadah

(non-emphasised).

Sunnah complements
the Quran, providing
detailed guidance on
how to practice Islam

in daily life.

Fiqh - Islamic Rulings and Purposes

If you do the Wajib: you will
be rewarded for compliance.

If you don’t: you have

committed a sin.

Example: The 5 prayers

Duty – Wajib:

An act that is requested to
be done as an obligation.

Advisable – Mustahab: An
act that is requested to be
done but without creating

an obligation.

If you do the Mustahab: you

will be rewarded for

compliance. If you don’t: you

have not committed a sin.
Example: Voluntary work.

Permitted - Mubaah:

Actions that are

permissible and neither

encouraged nor

discouraged in Islam.

If you do the Mubaah: you

will not be rewarded

unless with intention. If
you don’t: you have not

committed a sin.
Example: Sports.

Sharia’: Islamic law

derived from the Quran

and the Hadith.

Salah: The ritual Islamic

prayer performed five

times a day.

Disliked – Makrooh:

An act that is requested to

be avoided but without
creating an obligation.

If you do the Makrooh: you
have not committed a sin.

If you don’t: you will be

rewarded for compliance.

Example: Idle talk

Forbidden - Haram:
Forbidden or unlawful

in Islam.

If you do the Haram: you
have committed a sin. If

you don’t: you will be

rewarded for compliance.

Example: Gambling.

Hajj: The pilgrimage to

Mecca, which every
able Muslim must do

at least once.

Zakah: The mandatory

charity Muslims are
required to offer to 8
types of people from

specific types of wealth.

Sadaqah: Voluntary
acts of charity. It is a

fundamental concept in
Islam, emphasizing the
importance of helping

to seek Allah's blessings

Seerah:

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Sahabas

Companions (Sahabah):
The close associates and
followers of the Prophet

Muhammad, PBUH.

Seerah: The

comprehensive
biography of the

Prophet Muhammad,

PBUH.

Battle of Badr: The first
major battle in Islamic

history, fought by Muslims

and the Quraysh.

Conquest of Mecca:

The peaceful return of

the Prophet

Muhammad to Mecca.

Isra and Mi'raj: The

miraculous night journey

of the Prophet from

Mecca to Jerusalem and

then to the heavens.

Quraysh: The dominant

tribe in Mecca at the
time of the Prophet, to

which he belonged.

The wives of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH)
include: Khadijah –
Aisha – Safiah, and

Hafsa. (R.A)

The sons of Prophet

Muhammad (PBUH) are:
Al-Qassim – Abdullah –

Ibrahim.

Hijrah: The migration of
Prophet Muhammad from

Makkah to Madinah

marks the inception of

the Hijri Calendar.

Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam:

A Du’a we should recite

whenever we read or happen
to hear the name of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH), which
means Peace be upon him’.

Battle of Uhud: The

second battle in

Islamic history, fought

by Muslims and the

Quraysh.

Ulu’l azm prophets: Are
regarded as the five most

prominent prophets in

Islam. These prophets are:

Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa,

Muhammad (PBUT).

The daughters of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) are:

Zainab – Ruqayyah - Umme

Kulthum – Fatimah (R.A)

Famous Mosques in Islam:

Masjid al-Haram in

Makkah, The Prophet's
Masjid in Madeenah, Al

Aqsa Masjid in Jerusalem.

The first four Khalifas

(Caliphs) in Islam (Khulafa

al-Rashidun): Abu Bakr,

Omar bin Khattab, Othman
bin Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib

(R.A).

Aqeedah - The Islamic Belief

Shirk: The sin of

associating partners with
Allah, which is considered

a grave violation of

Tawhid.

Tawheed: The concept
of believing in the One

True God; Allah,

without associating
partners with Him.

Arkan Al Iman: The 6 pillars

of Imaan (faith):Belief in

Allah, the Angels, the

Prophets, the Divine Books,
the Day of Judgment, and

Divine Decree.

Kufr: Denial or rejection

of Islamic beliefs,

representing disbelief or

unbelief in the core
principles of Islam

Iman: Faith or belief in

Islam, particularly

referring to one's faith in

Allah, the Angels, the

Books, the Prophets, the

Day of Judgment, and

Divine Destiny.

Akhirah: The Hereafter,

which includes the Day of
Judgment, the afterlife,
and the consequences of

one's deeds.

Angels are created by
Allah to serve Him and

carry out His commands.
They are purely spiritual
beings and do not possess

free will like humans.

Allah has sent Prophets to

guide people, including
Prophet Adam, Prophet
Nuh, Prophet Ibraheem,

Prophet Musa, Prophet Isa,

and Prophet Muhammad

(PBUT).

Resurrection: The belief in
the Day of Judgment, where
all will be resurrected and
held accountable for their

actions, determining

whether they enter Jannah

or not.

Taqwa: A state of

mindfulness and piety,
often described as God-
consciousness or fearing

Allah.

Al-Qadr: Literally

‘divine power;’ refers to

the belief in divine
destiny/control,
predestination.

Aqeedah is the set of

beliefs that Muslims have
about Allah, the Prophets,
the Day of Judgment, and
other important Islamic

concepts.

Muslims also believe in the
Day of Judgment, which is

the day when Allah will

judge all people according

to their deeds.

On the Judgement day,

those who have done good

deeds will be rewarded

with paradise, while those
who have done bad deeds
will be deprived from it.

Belief in the Holy Books

that were revealed by Allah
to the prophets. Including

the Quran, which is the
final book, the Torah,

Zaboor, Suhf and Injeel.

Prayers - Salat

Salah is the second Pillar of
Islam and it is a mandatory

religious obligation for
adult Muslims, and it is

performed five times a day.

Salah: The five daily
Prayers in Islam. The

Arabic word Salah
originates from the

word silah which

means connection.

Times of Prayer: The five

daily prayers are performed
at specific times during the
day and night. These times
are based on the position of
the sun and its movement.

Each Salat has a specific

number of units called

Rak'ahs

Rak’ah:

Actions made during
Salah consisting of

recitations, standing,

bowing and prostration.

Jum’uah: The Friday

congregational prayer in
Islam, replacing the noon
prayer, held at mosques
with a Khutbah (sermon).

Wudu - Ablution:

Is a purification ritual
performed before daily

prayers, involving

washing the face, hands,

arms, and feet.

There are five essential

conditions for Salat:
Wudu, proper timing,
facing the Qiblah, and

maintaining cleanliness by

covering the Awrah.

Adhaan:

The call to prayer signaling
the time for daily prayers.

Dhuhr and Asr prayers

consist of 4 Rak'ahs each,
Fajr has 2 Rak'ahs, Maghrib

has 3 Rak'ahs, and Isha

includes 4 Rak'ahs.

Iqamah:

A shorter call before the
Jama’ah (congregational

prayer), indicating it's

about to begin and

organising the
congregation

Salah involves physical

movements and

recitations, like standing

and prostration.

Khutbah:

A sermon given before the

Friday prayer, offering

religious guidance.

Maintaining the correct
sequence, proper timing,
and avoiding disruptions
are crucial during prayer.

Qiblah:

The direction of the

sacred Kaaba in Mecca,

Saudi Arabia.

القرآن هو: وحي الله الخاتم الذي نزل على الرسول محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بواسطة الملك جبريل عليه السلام واستمر نزولة 23 سنة.

الحديث هو: أقوال وأفعال وتقريرات الرسول محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم
السنة هي: أقوال وأفعال وتقريرات الرسول محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم​

الصحاح الستة هي: صحيح البخاري و صحيح مسلم وسنن أبي داوود وسنن الترمذي وسنن النسائي وسنن بن ماجة
أصح كتابين في الحديث هما : صحيح البخاري وصحيح مسلم

التجويد هو : إخراج ( قراءة )كل حرف من مخرجه دون زيادة أونقصان

الجزء هو: واحد من ثلاثين جزء يتكون منهم القرآن
السورة هي : مقطع من القرآن يستخدم للتلاوة والتدبر
عدد أجزاء القرآن هو :  30
عدد سور القرآن: سور القرآن 114

​الوحي هو: توصيل رسالة الله من خلال القرآن والسنة.
أطول سورة هي: سورة البقرة
أقصر سورة هي: سورة الكوثر
 السنة المؤكدة هي:  التي داوم عليها النبي
الحكمة من تقسيم القرآن إلى أجزاء هي : تيسير التلاوة والدراسة
أول آية نزلت موجودة في : سورة العلق
 الصحاح الستة هي: صحيح البخاري و صحيح مسلم وسنن أبي داوود وسنن الترمذي وسنن النسائي وسنن بن ماجة
 أخر آية نزلت موجودة  في:  سورة البقرة( وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ ) البقرة/ 281.
أول سورة الفاتحة وأخر سورة الناس
السنة موضحة للقرآ ن وهي المصدر الثاني من حيث الأهمية
أطول سورة في القرآن البقرة واقصر سورة الكوثر
أطول آية هي آية الدين في سورة البقرة