LO5 A&P Energy System

LO5 Energy
Systems

Anatomy and Physiology of Exercise

Session Objectives

• Consolidate understanding of energy systems

• Define ATP

• Discuss potential sports relating to energy systems

• Complete additional energy systems tasks

• Introduce LO5 Assessment

LO5 Assessment Information

Open book extended
response (essay)

500 words

Must include in-text
references where
appropriate

Full list of Harvard
references at end of
the essay

Multiple Choice

What is our main body energy currency?

• Creatine Phosphate

• Oxygen

• ATP

• ADP

Muscle contraction

Requires energy

This is produced by chemical

breakdown of ATP

ATP

ADP + P

What is ATP?

• In pairs or threes, research a definition of ATP each

• Discuss your definition, and create your own definition based upon the two

definitions you have found

• It is important that you understand the definition and can remember it, so

clarify any terms you do not understand (or change them) before you use
them in your definition

Fill in the Blank

What does ATP stand for?

What is
Adenosine
Triphosphate
(ATP)?

ATP is the primary
energy currency in
cells

Only a small quantity of
ATP can be stored

ATP must be
resynthesised
continuously

This is done using the 3
energy systems

Drag and Drop

Our body has ​

Placeholder

main energy systems.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

three

four

five

How is ATP made and how
does it work?

Food

Glucose

ATP

•ATP is made up of adenine, ribose and 3
phosphate groups

•When energy is required one of the phosphate
groups are released to create energy

•Once the phosphate group is released the ATP
becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and the
missing phosphate group is replaced with a
hydroxide

How is ATP made and how
does it work?

Food

Glucose

ATP

•Our body can re-use ADP for energy

•Creatine is used to attach a phosphate group back
on the the ADP

•This then gives us another ATP molecule

•We can use this ATP to release energy again and
continue working

What are the 3 main energy
systems?

Aerobic
With oxygen

Carbohydrates, fats and protein may be used as a last resort

Anaerobic (Lactic
Acid/Glycolytic)

Anaerobic Process Without oxygen

Carbohydrates as a fuel source

Phosphocreatine/

ATP-PC

(Immediate)

Anaerobic Process (without oxygen)

Uses energy that is stored within skeletal muscle

Amount of ATP per system

• ATP-PC System

The ATP-PC System produces 2 molecules of ATP for every molecule of
glucose.

• Lactic Acid (Anaerobic Glycolytic) System

The Lactic Acid system produces 2 ATP molecules and 2 Lactate molecules for
every molecule of glucose.

• Aerobic System

The Aerobic System produces 38 ATP molecules for every molecule of glucose,
but this is much slower than the other systems.

Energy System

Rate of
ATP
production

Fuel Used

Capacity

Activity

Phosphocreatine
(ATP-PC)

Immediate

Creatine
Phosphate

8-10 seconds

Explosive short
duration
movements. EG.
starting of the
blocks

Lactic Acid

Fast

Carbohydrate

10 seconds – 3
minutes

High intensity,
short duration
movements. EG.
400m sprint

Aerobic

Slow

Carbs, fats &
protein when
necessary

Unlimited (?)

Low to moderate
intensity. EG.
10km run

Limitations?

Phosphocreatine

(ATP-PC)

Creatine

phosphate stores

Anaerobic

(Lactic Acid)

Lactic acid

build up

Aerobic

Lower oxygen

delivery = slower

performance

Energy systems used for different sports

Workbook activity

​RECAP TIME:

CP – Stored in muscles

Combines with ADP to re-build ATP

Immediate source of energy

Limited source – lasts up to 10/15 seconds

Very important for bursts of explosive speed

Suitable for short duration events: 100m, throwing/ jumping athletic

events. Phases of team game play.

Replenishing stores of CP takes up to 6 minutes of recovery after

end of exercise

ADP + CP = ATP + C

1. The CP (creatine phosphate) system

CP: Creatine Phosphate

C - Creatine

2.Lactic acid system

Glycogen made from glucose obtained from digested food present in all

cells of the body – muscles, liver

When glycogen breaks down it releases pyruvic acid and energy.

This energy is used to re-build ATP from ADP and P

This system is anaerobic – no O2

Pyruvic acid is easily removed when O2 is available

Where there is little O2 it is changed into lactic acid

Muscles fail to contract fully - fatigue

Energy from this source lasts longer – up to three minutes before build up

of lactic acid prevents further energy production

Suitable for athletes – 200m – 800m. Games players who need to

keep up continuous short bursts of activity

Takes about 20 – 60 minutes to remove accumulated lactic acid

after maximal exercise

ADP + glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid (or pyruvic acid without O2)

3.AEROBIC SYSTEM

For longer events – muscles must work aerobically. O2 present

This system can take the pyruvic acid produced when glycogen
breaks down and turns it into more energy rather than lactic acid

Supplies energy to athletes who are working sub-maximally

at 60 – 80% of maximum effort and can take in

a constant supply of O2

This system provides most of the energy required

for physical activity lasting longer than about 3 minutes

– long distance activity – runners/ cyclists – Games Players

ADP + Glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid

Characteristics of the 3 energy systems

Energy
system

Aerobic/
anaerobic

Fuel/
energy
source

By-
product

Exercise
intensity

ATP/ PC

Anaerobic

ATP/ PC

Creatine

High
(Flat Out)

10 – 15
Seconds

Sprinting,
athletic
field
events,
weight-
lifting.

Small muscular
stores of ATP
and PC are
exhausted
quickly leading to
a rapid decline in
immediate
energy.

Lactic
Acid

Anaerobic

Glycogen
Glucose

Pyruvic
Acid/
Lactic
Acid

High
Intensity

Up to 3
minutes

400m
800m
Racket
sports.

Lactic acid is a
by-product and
can cause rapid
fatigue.

Aerobic

Aerobic

Fat/
glucose
mixture

Water/
CO2

Low

3 minutes
onwards

Long
distance
running/
cycling.

This system is
limited by
availability of O2

​Duration

​Sporting
Examples

​Notes

Multiple Choice

Which system provides Fast energy supply but does not utilize oxygen?

• Cardiovascular system
• ATP-PC

• Lactic Acid System

• Aerobic system

Multiple Choice

What energy system provides an immediate energy supply?

• Electron transport chain
• ATP-PC system
• Krebs cycle
• Glycolytic system

Multiple Choice

What is by-product of ATP-PC energy system?

• Glucose
• Creatine Phosphate /Inorganic phosphate (Pi)

• Lactic acid
• Water

Multiple Choice

What energy system provides slow energy production and uses oxygen ?

• Anaerobic system
• Alactic system
• Aerobic system
• Krebs cycle

Multiple Choice

How many ATP molecules does ATP-PC system create from each glucose molecule?

• 2

• 3
• 5
• 10

Multiple Choice

How many ATP molecules does Aerobic system produce from each glucose molecule?

• 36-38 ATP molecules
• 30-32 ATP molecules
• 40-42 ATP molecules
• 20-22 ATP molecules

Multiple Choice

Lactic Acid system produces how many ATP and how many lactate molecules?

• 1 ATP and 1 lactate molecule
• 3 ATP and 3 lactate molecules
• 2 ATP and 2 lactate molecules
• 4 ATP and 4 lactate molecules

Multiple Choice

What is by-product of ATP -PC energy system?

• Carbon dioxide
• Glucose
• Creatine Phosphate/Inorganic phosphate (Pi)

• Lactic acid

Multiple Choice

What is the by-product of the Lactic Acid energy system?

• Oxygen
• Pyruvic Acid/Lactic Acid

• ATP
• Glucose

Multiple Choice

What is the by-product of the Aerobic Energy System?

• Nitrogen and hydrogen
• Oxygen and glucose
• Carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)

Reorder

Please order all energy systems from the fastest to the slowest energy production...

• ATP-PC

• Lactic Acid System

• Aerobic System

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

​Next week...

1. Recap on ATP

2. Recap on Energy Systems- videos

3. Energy Continuum -link with S&C

4. Kahoot/Quizizz on Energy System