Media and Culture

Types of Cultural Diffusion

7.1.4 HS Cultures of Africa

7.2.4 HS Cultures of Asia

What is cultural diffusion?

• cultural diffusion - the spread of a culture's beliefs, practices or items from one place to another

• It can include the spread of ideas, religion, food, tools, etc.

Types of Cultural Diffusion

• Relocation diffusion

• Expansion diffusion (three sub-types): contagious, hierarchical, stimulus

Relocation Diffusion

• This is when culture spreads by people moving to a new place and bringing their culture with them

• An example would be immigration to the United States.

Contagious Diffusion

• This is when an idea spreads by contact from person to person.

• The number of people influenced by the culture grows, and it spreads across a larger distance.

• Examples: viral videos, the use of social media around the world, the spread of religion, etc.

Hierarchical Diffusion

• This is when the leaders or most influential people in a society adopt an idea, then it spread to lower people in society.

• An example would be how fashion trends are first adopted by people in big cities first or by music stars or social media influencers.

Stimulus Diffusion

• This is when an idea is adopted and then changed and adapted to the local conditions or culture.

• An example would be different menu items in McDonald's restaurants around the world to meet local tastes and cultures.

Guided Practice

For each of the following scenarios, choose which type of diffusion is represents. Think about why it represents that type of diffusion.

Multiple Choice

Islam spread to North and West Africa along trade routes. Merchants and traders introduced Islam into these regions via the Trans-Saharan trade route. Islam became the dominant religion in this region as more African people became Muslim. What type of diffusion is this?

• relocation

• contagious

• hierarchical

• stimulus

Multiple Choice

West African rulers in Mali and Ghana such as Mansa Musa became Muslim and made Islam the official religion of their empires. What type of diffusion is this?

• relocation

• contagious

• hierarchical

• stimulus

Multiple Choice

Arab Muslims conquered North Africa in the seventh and eighth centuries (600s and 700s). Many Arab Muslims moved to this region to serve as regional governors, merchants or missionaries. What type of diffusion is this?

• relocation

• contagious

• hierarchical

• stimulus

Multiple Choice

As African people in West Africa and East Africa adopted Islam, they changed it by integrating their own local religious customs such as animism and ancestor worship. What type of diffusion is this?

• relocation

• contagious

• hierarchical

• stimulus

Pop Culture

Intercultural Communication

What do Friends, Native American powwows, and TikTok have in common? ​

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Poll

Select any and all statements that describe you.

• I listen to music almost every day.

• I enjoy watching Netflix, Hulu, or other streaming services.

• I follow social influences on YouTube.

• I check social media before going to bed or first thing in the morning.

• I spend my free time playing video games.

• Movies

• Music

• Television

• Video Games

• Sports

• Entertainment News

• Fashion

• Social Media​

​

Viral

Most watched TikToks

​Most retweeted Tweets

Highest Paid YouTube Influencers​

​

What are pop culture examples specific to your culture?

​

Can you find a video?

Can you find a picture?

Can you show us?​

​Why Pop Culture? Video

Open Ended

What did you assume about the U.S. based on what you saw on TV?

Pop culture is often our first exposure to other culture.

Multiple Select

Folk culture is

• Rituals and traditions that maintain a cultural groups identity

• Activities reserved for the rich

• Opera, symphony, and ballet

• The first form of pop culture

• Traditional dances, crafts, dress, and ceremonies

They are all pop culture.

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Multiple Select

High culture is

• Commercially successful

• Timeless because of museums, halls, and theaters

• Opera, symphony, fine art, and ballet

• Typically reserved for the elite and well-to-do

Open Ended

How are you affected by pop culture?

Influence

• It is produced by culture

• It serves a social function

• C​hanges our beliefs or reinforces pre-existing ideas

Impacts of Computing on Culture

• Food

• Language

• Clothing

• Tools

Example

Customs, laws, dress, architectural style, social standards, and traditions are all examples of cultural elements.

Culture

What is Culture?

• Music

• Art

• Religion

Multiple Select

Examples of Culture

(More than one right answer)

• The way we dress

• The way we walk

• The way we talk

• The way we celebrate traditions and holidays

Poll

What about technology would effect our culture the most?

• Texting

• Social Media

• AI (artificial intelligence)

• Keeping Files and Data

• Finding new places (maps)

• Dictionary

• Writing Letters

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How have computers changed our lives?

Multiple Choice

How have computers changed our lives?

• Reading books on a computer screen

• Keeping files and data on a computer

• Writing with a pen and paper

• Listening to music on a record player

Multiple Choice

How have computers changed the way we navigate and find places?

• By using physical maps made of paper

• By creating new, never-before-seen maps

• By using maps on our phones or computers

• By using the stars to guide us at night

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a digital resource made possible by computers?

• A printed dictionary with pages to flip through

• An paper encyclopedia set with multiple volumes

• A dictionary app on a computer or phone

• A thesaurus that only contains physical books

Multiple Select

How have computers changed the way we communicate in writing?

(More than one correct answer)

• By using pen and paper to write letters

• By using texting to send a message or letter

• By only talking to people in person

• By writing letters on a computer like email

Poll

Which way has most affected the way we look and talk to people?

• Social Media

• Video Calling

• I don't use technology to talk to people

Poll

What about technology would effect our culture the most?

• How smartphones and social media are changing the way we talk to each other and make friends.

• How robots and computers are doing more jobs that people used to do, and what that means for our future.

• How we watch movies and TV shows is different now because we can watch them anytime we want on the internet.

• How we buy things online now instead of going to stores, and how that's changing the way we shop and the kinds of stores we have.

Poll

Do you technology in your daily life?

• Yes

• No

• Sometimes

Why is it important to think about the needs and wants of cultures other people with disabilities when creating something with technology?

Why is accessibility important?

​So everyone can use technology!

Use multiple modes of communication: We can incorporate both speech and text to convey information in a game, making it accessible to users who may have difficulty with one or the other.

For example, we can add speech recognition and text-to-speech functions to their game to help users who may have difficulty using a keyboard or mouse.

Poll

Can you think of a time when you tried to use a toy, game, or app that didn't work well for you? How did it make you feel?

• It made me mad

• I gave up

• I kept on trying but didn't like it

• Other

Poll

Everyone is different - we all have different abilities, interests, and ways of doing things. Why is it important to think about these differences when we create things with technology?

• Some people can't read well

• Some people can't use their fingers

• Some people have disabilities

• Some people are blind

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of using multiple modes of communication to make a program accessible?

• Creating a game that only uses a keyboard for input

• Incorporating both speech and text to convey information in a game

• Using a specific type of font that may be difficult to read for some users

• Only using images to explain how to use a program

Multiple Choice

What is an example of varying the types of programs created to make them more accessible?

• Creating only text-based educational programs

• Creating games that only require physical movement

• Creating programs that can only be used with a mouse

• Creating educational programs that include visual, auditory, and other ways to learn

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of providing options for adjusting hardware needed to use a program?

• Creating a game that only works on a specific type of computer

• Providing options for adjusting font size, contrast, or color

• Creating a game that can only be played with a keyboard

• Creating a game that requires a high-end graphics card to run

Multiple Choice

What is inclusive design when creating programs?

• Creating programs that only work on one type of device

• Thinking about all people and their needs when creating programs

• Creating programs that are only accessible to certain types of users

• Creating programs without testing them with a range of users

CULTURAL
DIFFUSION

QUICK REVIEW:

CIRCA- This means approximately

around that time

Biased Sources- based on opinion

not on a fact.

WHAT IS

CULTURE?

Culture:

the beliefs, arts,
and lifestyle of
a particular
group of
people.

What is something that is

part of your culture?

Open Ended

What is something that is a part of YOUR culture? (music, lifestyle, food, beliefs...)

¿Qué es lo que forma parte de TU cultura? (música, estilo de vida, comida, creencias...)

What do
you see
in this
picture?

It is the spread of
culture and beliefs
from one group to
another.

What is

CULTURAL
DIFFUSION?

How do cultures

spread?

Traditionally
cultures have
spread through:

1. WAR
2. TRAVEL
3. TRADE

So, how does culture spread?

Multiple Select

How does culture spread? (select THREE)

• War

• Food

• Trade

• Travel

Fellow Historians:

Can you think of other ways
culture is spreading in
today’s world?

❏ The mixing of cultures all

over the world has increased
over time (communication,
technology, transportation).

❏ Through cultural diffusion, we as

Americans become familiar with other
cultures.

❏ Also, other cultures become more

familiar with things that are traditional
to Americans.

What is another example of American culture
DIFFUSING or spreading elsewhere?

Open Ended

What is another example of American culture
DIFFUSING or spreading elsewhere?

¿Cuál es otro ejemplo de cultura estadounidense

¿DIFUSIÓN o propagación en otros lugares?

What is an example of another culture
spreading to America?

Open Ended

What is an example of another culture
spreading to America?

¿Cuál es un ejemplo de otra cultura

en América?

Media and Mass Media

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What is media?

In general, 'media' refers to various means of communication or what you use to convey a message. For example, television, radio and the newspaper are different types of media. 

The term, 'media' can also be used as a collective noun for the press or news reporting agencies

Mass Media

Mass Media are those media reaching large numbers of the public via movies, magazines, the worldwide web and those mentioned before.

Mass media has evolved significantly over time and will continue to do so in the future.

Hope you took notes! 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best defines media?

• means of communication

• talking with each other

• social media

• technology

Multiple Select

Select all the forms of media below.

• television

• calculator

• newspaper

• radio

Multiple Select

Select all the forms of Mass Media.

• magazines

• movies

• television

• world wide web

Multiple Choice

What has Mass Media done overtime and will continue to do in the future?

• devolve

• disssolve

• involve

• evolve