Evolution by Natural Selection and The Origin of Species

Who was Jean Baptiste Lamarck?? was he before or after Darwin?

Lamarks Theory

• Inheritance of acquired characteristics

• Organism will acquire traits that are needed over its life

• EX: a giraffe can get a longer neck simply by stretching daily.

Lamark's Theory

• Giraffes all had SHORT necks originally

• Giraffe’s Necks got LONGER from stretching for food

• “Acquired” trait (long necks) then passed to offspring

• Giraffe population became long-necked

Lamark's Theory

• Acquired characteristics are heritable

• EX: If you crop a dogs ears, all their offspring will be born with cropped ears.

• Ex: If you get a tattoo, all you children will be born with that same tattoo

Multiple Choice

Will puppies born look like the dog on the right or the left?

• The puppies will all be born with floppy ears

• The puppies will all be born with cropped ears

Darwin's Theory

• Survival of the fittest

• Those animals with the best adaptations/characteristics survive and reproduce, passing on their superior genetics.

• EX: Giraffes with short necks starved to death while longer necked giraffes survived and passed on their long necked trait.

Who was Charles Darwin and what was so special about his boat ride on the Beagle??

Multiple Choice

Scientist that contributed the most to our understanding of evolution

• Darwin

• Lamarck

Multiple Choice

What is evolution?

• A process by which species of organisms arise from earlier life forms and undergo change over time.

• A theory that explains the origin of the universe
• A process by which organisms develop immunity to diseases
• A theory that explains the behavior of atoms and molecules

Evolution

Evolution is Change over
Time....but how much time?

? A short or a long time....
? How does this change take place....
? How does it effect a population after time passes...


Who was Charles Darwin and what was so special about his boat ride on the Beagle??

Multiple Choice

Individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges of their environment tend to

• Increase in population over time.

• Decrease in population over time.

• Leave fewer offspring than those less suited to the environment.

• Both (a) and (c)

Warm up

■ What makes an organism better fit for its

environment?

What will make you better suited to address the concepts connected to Evolution ?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njw0r_eDWXo

Multiple Choice

Structures that have the same function but evolved independently are called

• homologous

• analogous

• vestigial

• embryological

Multiple Choice

Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Structures with the same parts but have different functions, suggesting that organisms with a backbone share common ancestry is called…

• Not related

• Not homologous

• Homologous

• Young in origin

Multiple Choice

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

• Homologous structure

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial structure

• None of the above

Adaptations

■ Adaptation- change in a species that

makes it better suited to its
environment

Large feet for
standing in the
sand

A hump to store nutrition during
long trips or when food or water
is scarce

Calluses on the the knees
to protect from abrasion

Long eyelashes to
protect their eyes
from the sand when
the wind is blowing

Nostrils that close to
keep sand out

Fur inside the ears to
protect inner ear from
sand

Types of
Adaptations:

Can you Adapt (as it pertains to evolution) or are you born with certain traits passed to you by your parents?

Turn and Talk with your table mate: 2 mins

Types of Adaptations

Structural

■ Changes in structure or anatomy

■ Example: bird’s beak or claws

■ Mimicry- a harmless species

resembles a harmful one, predators
learn to avoid both species

■ Camouflage- species features blend

in with the environment

Mimicry

Camouflage

http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=YVvn8dpSAt0
Marine Camouflage

Types of
Adaptations

Physiological

■ Changes in chemical

makeup

■ Examples:

digestion enzymes,
snake venom,
octopus ink

Types of Adaptations

■ Behavioral

■ Responses to the environment

■ Example: bird migration

Wild-Kratz Video

Multiple Choice

What type of adaptation affects how an organism acts?

• Behavioral

• Physiological

• Structural

Multiple Choice

What type of adaptation affects a physical aspect of organism?

• Behavioral

• Physiological

• Structural

Multiple Choice

What type of adaptation affects body chemistry and metabolism?

• Behavioral

• Physiological

• Structural

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

• Physiological

• Structural

• Behavioral

Dropdown

Microevolution exhibit​​​​ ​

Select answer

evolutionary changes.

Multiple Choice

which of the following is an example of microevolution?

• a. the evolution pesticide resistance in pests

• b. the increase in size, over time, of the horse species.

• c. the change in color of the peppered moth due to pollution

• Both A and C

Multiple Choice

Structures with no function that are remnants of an organism’s evolutionary past are

• Not visible organisms

• Young in origin

• Vestigial

• Useful to the organism

Multiple Choice

The fossil record provides evidence that

• Fossils cannot be dated.

• All species were formed during Earth’s formation and have changed little since then.

• The fossilized species have no connection to today’s species.

• Older species gave rise to more-recent species.

Multiple Choice

The presence of pelvic bones in the baleen whale is evidence of which of the following?

• Whales can travel on land when necessary.

• Whales are developing into animals with four functioning limbs.

• Whales have functional legs that are hidden by fat and skin.

• Whales evolved from four-legged animals.

Multiple Choice

What is suggested by the similary of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

• No evolutionary relationship between the groups

• A recent common ancestry

• Similar environments in the past

• Evolution from a distant common ancestor

How does natural selection
act on a phonotype?

■ Warm up what is natural selection?

■ What is a phenotype?

Multiple Choice

The theory of evolution by natural selection means that what is changing over time?

• The inherited traits of a population.
• The acquired traits of a population.
• Hair color and eye color
• Attractive features.

Multiple Choice

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.

• fitness

• energy

• agility

• instinct

Multiple Choice

The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?

• Dark moth
• Light moth
• Both will be equally successful
• Neither will be successful

Multiple Choice

Since the 1800s humans have stopped burning coal, and the trees have returned to their original color. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?

• Dark moth
• Light moth
• Both will be equally successful
• Neither will be successful

Multiple Choice

These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________

• Natural Selection
• Variation
• Homeostasis
• Extinction

Natural Selection acts on
variation in a population

■ 1.stabilizing – favors average

individual

■ 2.directional – favors one

extreme variation

■ 3.disruptive – favors both

extremes of variation

Multiple Choice

What is gene expression?

• The process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product, such as a visible trait.

• The process of creating genes
• The process of duplicating DNA
• The process of removing genes

Multiple Choice

Structures or behaviors that help an

organism survive in its surroundings

• adaptations

• inherited traits

• learned behaviors

• structural behaviors

Natural Selection acts on
variation in a population

■ 1.stabilizing – favors average individual

■ 2.directional – favors one extreme variation

■ 3.disruptive – favors both extremes of variation

■ 4.diversifying- two or more phenotypes develop,

different selective pressures operate at the same
time

■ 5. heterozygote advantage- heterozygote (Aa)

has higher fitness than either homozygote (AA or
aa)

■ Example- sickle cell anemia

Natural Selection acts on
variation in a population

Stabilizing
selection

Directional
Selection

Disruptive
selection

Name the selection type

You do

■ Types of Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

What is the process where animals live or die based on their adaptations to their environment.

• Genetic Drift

• Natural Selection

• The Circle of Life

• Mammoth

Multiple Choice

Adaptations can be:

• camouflage

• ability to survive cold weather

• hunting skills

• all of the above

Multiple Choice

A species could go extinct if:

• food becomes more plentiful.

• members of the species have adaptations to enhance survival.

• the environment changes drastically and no one can adapt.

• there is less competition for resources.

Multiple Choice

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as

• vestigial structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• fossil structures

Multiple Choice

A species that is not native to an area is called a ---

• Native Species.

• Natural Species.

• Invasive Species.

• Symbiotic Species.

Multiple Choice

Shows how different groups of organisms have changed over time.

• fossil record

• homologous structures

• embryology

Dropdown

Macroevolution exhibit ​​​​ ​

Select answer

evolutionary changes.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of a cladogram?

• To show the evolutionary relationships among different species
• To measure the temperature of a species
• To calculate the speed of a species
• To determine the color of a species

Multiple Choice

When looking at a cladogram, what is a derived character?

• A trait that is shared by all species on the cladogram
• A trait that is unique to the most common ancestor and passed to its defendants.

• A trait that is found in some but not all of the species on the cladogram
• A trait that is present in the ancestral species and all its descendants

Trojan Time

Multiple Choice

The Asian shore crab invaded parts of the eastern coast of the United States about 15 years ago. The Asian shore crab preys on blue mussels. In the time since the Asian shore crab arrived, the average shell thickness of the blue mussel population has increased.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that this increase in shell thickness has occurred?

• Blue mussels with thick shells attract more crabs that mussels without thick shells.

• Blue mussels with thick shells grow in larger colonies than mussels without thick shells.

• Blue mussels with thick shells catch more food per day than mussels without thick shells.

• Blue mussels with thick shells survive and reproduce more successfully than mussels without thick shells.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of taxonomic classification?

• To organize and categorize living organisms based on their evolutionary relationships
• To determine the probability of passed on genes.

• To predict the next generations traits

• To create a map of the universe

Multiple Choice

Comparing the human hemoglobin amino acid sequence to the chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences with

• kangaroos

• horses

• chickens

• chimpanzees

Multiple Choice

This image is an example of a.....

• Mendelian Life Graph

• Cladogram

• Punnett Square

• Pedigree Chart