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What is an inference?

Prior Knowledge + Textual Evidence = Inference

An inference is not...

Read the passage on the next slide and answer the questions that follow

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Strauss was taking attendance.

"Gabby?"

"Here."

"Emma?"

Two girls said, "Here," at the same time. Mrs. Strauss continued.

"Max?"

There was no response. A few kids turned around and saw that Max's seat was empty.

What inference can be made based on information in this passage?

• There are two girls named Emma in this class.

• Mrs. Strauss does not know her students' names.

• No one in the class is named Max.

Multiple Choice

What statement about inferencing is CORRECT?

• An inference is not based on any evidence

• An inference is based only on what the text says

• An inference always turns out to be right

• An inferences requires you to use clues

Multiple Choice

Sadie loves to learn about animals and their habitats. She also really loves learning about space and all of the planets. What can you infer is her favorite subject in school?

• Math

• Science

• Social Studies

• ELA

Multiple Choice

To earn a driver's license, students must show they understand how to operate a vehicle. They must pass a written test first, followed by a road test. During the road test, they must obey traffic signals, streets signs, and official rules of the road. An employee of the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) will ride with students to evaluate their driving abilities. The employee will also note if the driver fastens his/her seatbelt and adjusts the car's mirrors.

What inference can be made based on information in this passage?

• To get a driver's license, only a written test is required.

• A DMV employee decides if a driver has passed the road test.

• It is unlikely that anyone passes the road test.

Multiple Choice

Ben is auditioning for a part in the school play. He's been fine all day, but right before the audition he says he feels sick. You might infer that Ben __________.

• is happy about the play

• never gets sick

• is allergic to peanuts

• is nervous about the audition

Multiple Choice

When Kyle came home from school, he was noticeably distraught. He balled up his report card and placed it inside of a soup can in the garbage. He then flipped the soup can upside down and arranged garbage over the soup can. Why is Kyle distraught?

• He doesn't want to take the trash out.

• There isn't any soup left for him.

• He made a bad grade on his report card.

• His parents asked him to cook dinner.

Multiple Choice

Millions of high school students take Advanced Placement (AP) courses in high school. AP courses are more challenging than other courses and are offered in many subjects including U.S. history, biology, and calculus. Students who pass an AP exam can earn college credit. These tests are scored on a scale of one to five, with one being the best possible score.

What inference can be made based on information in this passage?

• A score of five on the AP exam will probably not earn college credit.

• Advanced Placement courses are abbreviated as AdPla.

• The only AP courses offered in most high schools are U.S. history and biology.

Multiple Choice

Every day after work, Paul took his muddy boots off on the steps of the front porch. He then took off his dusty overalls. What kind of job does Paul work?

• Farmer

• Teacher

• Cashier

• Chef

Multiple Choice

Which inference can you make about young Joe's family?

• They were wealthy.

• They were admired.

• They were poor.

• They were fortunate.

Multiple Choice

From the article, you can infer that:

• A nickname usually describes something about the person to whom is given.

• Most athletes prefer to be addressed by their real name rather than a nickname.

• It is uncommon for a baseball player to be given a nickname.

• Most athletes believe that a good nickname will make them more memorable.

Multiple Choice

From the article, you can determine that Shoeless Joe:

• continued to play baseball for several more years after the World Series

• and the other White Sox players did something that was illegal

• was wrongfully accused of helping throw the World Series

• was reluctant to be involved in throwing the World Series

Multiple Choice

The information in the article suggests that:

• There was little interest in professional baseball during the early 1900’s.

• People felt sympathy for Shoeless Joe in 1919.

• Reporters were interested in hearing what Shoeless Joe had to say after leaving the courthouse.

• The World Series has not been played since 1919.

Multiple Choice

Ivory's cell phone beeped. Her hand ran into her purse and her heart fluttered. The text message was from Jay. What can we infer about Ivory?

• She has an iPhone.

• She has feelings for Jay.

• She doesn't check her phone very often.

Multiple Choice

Mr. Farraf wrote his name on the board and told the class, "I'm not only your substitute teacher. I'm also a palindrome."

"You're a palindrome too, Bob," said Whitney.

"I am not!" yelled Bob. His cheeks flushed with pink. "Stop teasing me."

"She's not," explained Mr. Farraf. "A palindrome is a word spelled the same forward and backward."

What inference can be made based on information in this passage?

• Whitney dislikes Bob.

• Mr. Farraff did not know Bob's name was a palindrome.

• Bob was embarrassed.

Multiple Choice

Based on the context clues in the passage below, eliminate means ________________.

Please eliminate the blank lines between the pictures. They were not supposed to be there.

• Color

• Find

• Add

• Delete

Multiple Choice

After bundling up, Victoria struggled to pull on her snow boots.

"Need some help?" her mom asked. She was looking at the school district's website.

"No thanks," Victoria replied. She gazed out the window at the heavy snowfall.

"Honey, I know you worked hard to get dressed for school," Victoria's mom said, pointing to the computer screen, "But you can take everything off!"

What inference can be made based on information from this passage?

• The snow had turned to rain.

• Victoria hates the snow.

• School was canceled because of the weather.

Multiple Choice

Read the passage below. Which words best helps you understand the meaning of the word obedient?

The obedient child always followed her mother's requests. That night, she brushed her teeth, folded her clothes, and went to bed before her mother had to come in and remind her.

• Followed her mother's requests

• Folded her clothes

• Brushed her teeth

• That night

Multiple Choice

Jaydon and Caitlin were choosing the players for their teams. It was Caitlin's turn to choose, and only Aaron was left. Caitlin said, "Aaron."

We can infer that…

• Aaron was the best player.

• Caitlin wanted Aaron on her team.

• Aaron was not a very good player.

• Caitlin had a hard time choosing.

Multiple Choice

The school library was under construction. To prepare for it, many books were moved to one side of the gym. Some books were temporarily put in boxes in the basement.

Walter went to the gym to look for the book about tiger attacks. He knew the school had this book because his friend Eddie had borrowed it a few weeks ago. Walter could not find the book on the shelf. The librarian said it was not checked out.

What inference can be made based on information from the text?

• Eddie forgot to return the book.

• The book was in the school basement.

• The library never had a book on tiger attacks.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence below makes us infer that Bryan's pet is a cat?

• Bryan has to feed his pet every day.

• Bryan has to clean the litter box three times a week.

• Bryan's pet never bites.

• Bryan has to let out his pet every day after school.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence suggests Mikayla likes to play basketball?

• Mikayla's mom makes her practice basketball everyday.

• Mikayla scored 5 points in her last basketball game.

• Mikayla missed a free throw during practice.

• Mikayla looks forward to her basketball practice.

Multiple Choice

"Race you to the tree and back!" Sarah said to Symir.

On the count of three, the two were off. Sarah took the lead. From behind, Symir noticed something.

"Sarah! Your shoelace. It's untied!" he shouted between heavy breaths.

"Oh!" Sarah stopped to tie it, and Symir stopped while she did that. When she started to run again, so did he. Sarah won the race.

What inference can be made based on information from the passage?

• Symir waited for Sarah to tie her shoelace so it would be a fair race.

• Symir untied Sarah's shoe before the race so he could beat her.

• Sarah cheated to win the race.

Multiple Choice

Mr. Martin looked at his watch. Then, he took a bus list out of his bag and looked at it for a moment. A few minutes later, he looked at his watch again and sighed.

Why does Mr. Martin keep looking at his watch?

• The bus is late

• His watch is cool

• His watch is broken

• His car is out of gas

Multiple Choice

Which dialogue supports the idea that Maddy is proud of the work she has done with her Grandpa?

• "Is this good enough, grandpa?"

• "We're out here, grandma."

• "We did it with our own hands!"

• "Grandma is coming!"

Multiple Choice

Recess is a time for kids to take a break from sitting at their school desks. If the weather allows, they go outside to get some exercise. Running around and playing sports gets their blood pumping. For many students, it is a chance to recharge. When they go back to their schoolwork, they are able to concentrate easier.

What inference can be made based on information from the passage?

• Recess is not as important as reading and math.

• Recess is healthy for kids.

• Recess is many kids' favorite time of day.

Multiple Choice

Dan sands the wood. Grandpa hums happily as he works on replacing the broken piece.

This suggests that Grandpa...

• is only good at repairing rocking chairs.

• is enjoying doing the work.

• sad the chair broke.

Multiple Choice

You can infer that:

• The small boy was proud of Shoeless Joe.

• The small boy was inspired to play baseball.

• The small boy wanted to be near Shoeless Joe.

• The small boy didn’t want Shoeless Joe to be guilty.

Multiple Choice

What can you infer about the following:

Sofia threw on mismatched socks and forgot to brush her teeth. She ran out the door just in time to see the bus drive by.

• Sofia's mom forgot to lay her clothes out for her.

• Sofia was dressing up as a clown.

• Sofia was practicing for her big race.

• Sofia is late for school.

Multiple Choice

For students who like running, many decide to join their school's cross country team. Cross-country runners compete on an open course that might include sidewalks, grass, or rocky dirt. The courses are generally between one and three miles long. Cross-country is often an autumn sport. Runners wear a vest or t-shirt and shorts. Sometimes they wear special running shoes called spikes.

What inference can be made based on information from this passage?

• Cross-country races are not held indoors.

• A cross-country course is usually no longer than 100 feet.

• Cross-country athletes run the fastest on grass.

Multiple Choice

Simone tried to shake off her nerves. This was the big moment. She waited 4 long years to get to this event. She smoothed out her leotard and put chalk on her hands. She hoped to nail that landing! What is Simone?

• A teacher

• A firefighter

• A skater

• A gymnast

Multiple Choice

The Sphinx was carved with very simple tools. Among them were copper chisels and pounders of harder stone such as granite and diorite to knock off bits and pieces of the limestone. To do the final shaping and to smooth the surface, the master artisans used sand and sandstone.

QUESTION: What can you infer about the building of the Sphinx?

• They were created by hand.

• They were machine built.

• They were built quickly.

• They were cheap.

Multiple Choice

Rachel was on her way to volunteer at the animal shelter. She was very excited! She really liked dogs. Her brother was allergic to dogs, however, so she was rarely around them. Rachel had a lot of fun playing with the puppies. But after her shift, itchy bumps appeared on her arms.

We can infer that:

• Rachel got bit by mosquitos.

• Rachel is allergic to dogs, too.

• Rachel fell in poison ivy.

• Rachel's brother is there.

Multiple Choice

A group of people held a conference in 1939 to discuss how children got to school. At that conference, they discussed national standards for school buses and created a special yellow color for them. Its official name is National School Bus Glossy Yellow. They also decided to use black writing on the yellow because that color combination is easy to see in the dim light of early mornings.

What inference can be made based on information from the passage?

• School buses are painted yellow so they will be safer.

• School buses are not visible in dim light.

• School buses have always been painted yellow.

Multiple Choice

Cayden held his father's hand as he crossed the busy parking lot. They walked into a grocery store. Cayden's dad lifted him into the seat of the shopping cart. “Here,”said dad, “You can hold my shopping list.”

You can infer that

• Cayden's dad needs help shopping.

• Cayden's dad does not shop very often.

• Cayden is very young.

Multiple Choice

Miriam was afraid to tell her parents that she lost her key to the back door of the house.

"It's okay, Miriam," her brother said. "We will get a new door. Or we can just stop using that door altogether."

"But that will be just as inconvenient," Miriam said. "Can't we just make a new key at the hardware store?"

• Miriam's brother was angry that she lost the key.

• Miriam figured out an easy solution to the lost key.

• Miriam and her brother don't agree on anything.

Multiple Choice

On the first day of 7th grade, Carlos looked over his class schedule.

"Great news," he whispered to his friend, Gina, who was sitting next to him. "It looks like I don't have to take math this year. Do you?"

"Yes. And I'm sure you do too," she replied. "Let me see that."

Glancing at Carlos' schedule, she said, "Very funny. You have algebra every day during 3rd period."

What inference can be made based on information from the passage?

• Gina did not know how to read a class schedule.

• Gina and Carlos are in the same math class.

• Carlos did not know that algebra is a type of math.