Unit 4 Bio DE Ch 14 and 15

Multiple Select

What organism(s) did Frederick Griffith study? There may be 2!

• mice

• bacteriophage

• bacteria

Multiple Choice

Who discovered that bacteria could be changed by the process of transformation?

• Griffith

• Hershey & Chase

• Avery

• Franklin

Multiple Select

The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another.

• Transformation

• Transduction

• Conjugation

• None of these

Multiple Choice

This scientist(s) found a "transforming principle" that changed harmless bacteria into harmful bacteria

• Mendel
• Avery
• Chargraff
• Griffith

Multiple Choice

Scientist(s) who used chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria was DNA

• Griffith
• Hershey & Chase
• Mendel
• Avery

Multiple Choice

In the early 1900s, most scientists thought it was _____________ that carried traits form parent to offspring. 

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• DNA

Multiple Choice

This scientist(s) conducted experiments that involved injecting mice with S bacteria and R bacteria.

• Avery
• Griffith
• Watson & Crick
• Hershey & Chase

Multiple Choice

The scientist(s) who settled the debate about whether it was proteins or DNA that was the genetic material of the cell

• Avery
• Hershey & Chase
• Watson & Crick
• Griffith

Multiple Choice

Who discovered the process of transformation while trying to create a vaccine against bacterial pneumonia?

• Griffith
• Avery
• Hershey and Chase
• Watson and Crick

Multiple Choice

What organism was Griffith using when he discovered that a harmless strain of bacteria could transform into a lethal strain of bacteria?

• pea plants
• fruit flies
• bacteriophages
• mice

Multiple Choice

Who proved that DNA was the transforming factor?

• Griffith
• Avery
• Chargaff
• Franklin

Multiple Choice

Which scientists used viruses and radioactive isotopes to definitively prove that DNA, and not protein, was the molecule of heredity?

• Griffith and Avery
• Chargaff and Franklin
• Watson and Crick
• Hershey and Chase

Multiple Choice

A clone can be BEST thought of as a(n)  _____ created in the lab. 

• identical twin
• GMO
• science fiction experiment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describe a clone?

• The DNA of the clone is identical to the DNA of the parent
• Clones can happen naturally
• Clones can be made in labs
• All of the answers are correct

Multiple Choice

Dolly the sheep was a sheep that was born to an unrelated mom. Her genome was inserted into an egg that had the DNA removed. This is an example of _____________.

• Genetic engineering
• Cloning

Multiple Choice

What is a clone?

• An identical copy of an organism
• The offspring of a sexually reproducing organism
• An identical twin born as an adult
• A transgenic organism

Multiple Choice

DNA cutting "scissors" are

• Bacteriophages
• Restriction Enzymes
• DNA Enzymes
• Plasmids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a circular DNA from bacteria that can hold a foreign gene?

• plasmid
• restriction enzyme
• ligase
• protein expression

Multiple Choice

This laboratory procedure is known as

• CLONING

• gel electrophoresis

• chromatography

• use of a dichotomous key

Multiple Choice

Separates DNA fragments by size and charge

• RFLP

• sticky end

• genetic engineering

• recombinant DNA

Multiple Choice

Compares different DNA fragments

• genetic engineering

• plasmid

• PCR

• RFLP analysis

Multiple Choice

True or False: A plasmid is an example of a cloning vector

• True

• Falses

Multiple Choice

True or False: A cloning vector has the ability to replicate its DNA and the DNA of a donor gene it may carry.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: Polymerase chain reaction is used to cut DNA into many fragments.

• True

• False

13.1-13.2

by Nikki Chenevert

​Chapter 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

 

Outline:

Life’s Operating Instructions

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA, the genetic material/substance of inheritance of all living organisms

DNA Replication

13.1 DNA is the genetic material

1. The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry

   1. Genes or proteins, which is the genetic material?

   2. Evidence that DNA Can Transform Bacteria

   3. Griffith’s Transformation (Figure 13.3)

                                         i.    R strain pneumonia is harmless, Mice + R = healthy

                                        ii.    S strain pneumonia is pathogenic (disease causing), Mice + S = death

                                      iii.    Mice + live R + heat killed S = death

                                       iv.    Transformation of R strain to S strain,  the genetic material from S strain was inherited by descendants

                                        v.    Explanation: S strain had been killed, but its genetic information (the component that made it lethal) was still intact.

Multiple Choice

Who gets credit (wins the Nobel Prize) for elucidating the structure of DNA?

• Griffith

• Gregor Mendel

• Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

• Franklin and Wilkins

• Watson and Crick

Multiple Choice

Hershey and Chase used radioactive labels for the DNA (P) and proteins (S) of bacteriophage viruses. Their experiment shows that ________ carries the genetic material of bacteriophage viruses, because the radioactive _____ was found inside of infected bacteria.

• DNA; radioactive phosphorus

• Proteins; radioactive sulfur

• Proteins and DNA; both phosphorus and sulfur

• RNA; Neither phosphorous nor sulfur

Multiple Choice

Which scientist(s) work indicated that DNA has a helical shape?

Select one:

• Chargaff

• Hershey and Chase

• Franklin and Wilkins

• Watson and Crick

Multiple Choice

Rosalind Franklin used which technique to determine many of the physical characteristics of DNA?

• Density-gradient centrifugation

• Transmission electron microscopy

• Transformation

• X-ray diffraction

• Phage experiments

Multiple Choice

_______ seals the nicks in the DNA backbone left by synthesis of Okazaki fragments.

• DNA polymerase II

• Single strand binding (ssb) proteins

• Ligase

• DNA polymerase I

Multiple Choice

Which of the following enzymes unwinds the DNA double helix for replication?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• DNA Helicase

• Topoisomerase

Multiple Choice

The enzyme _______ prevents supercoiling of DNA by relieving torque.

• DNA polymerase II

• Single strand binding (ssb) proteins

• Ligase

• Helicase

• Topoisomerase (Gynase)

Multiple Choice

______ replaces the RNA primer and fills the gaps with DNA.

• DNA polymerase II

• Single strand binding (ssb) proteins

• Ligase

• DNA polymerase I

Multiple Choice

New nucleotides are added in a complementary fashion by_________

• DNA polymerase II

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase I

• Topoisomerase (Gynase)

Multiple Choice

The enzyme ______ opens the DNA double helix using ATP.

• Ligase

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase I

• Topoisomerase (Gynase)

• DNA polymerase II

Multiple Choice

 Transcription produces a _________ molecule from a ___________ template.

• Polypeptide; RNA

• DNA; DNA

• RNA, DNA

• DNA; RNA

Multiple Choice

Translation produces a ______ molecule from a ______ template.  

• RNA; DNA

• DNA; RNA

• Polypeptide; RNA

• DNA; DNA