Unit 3 AP Exam Review

Unit 3 AP Exam Review

Cultural Landscape

Multiple Choice

This image of Thailand shows the significance of temples, religious statuary, and iconography on the

• cultural hearth

• ethnic culture

• traditional toponyms

• cultural landscape

• colonial architecture

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements explains the regional location in the United States where the figures shown in the image are most likely part of the cultural landscape?

• The Northeast, because residents are influenced by British Protestantism.

• The Southeast, because residents are influenced by traditional religions from West Africa.

• The Great Plains, because residents are influenced by Native American traditional religions.

• The Southwest, because residents are influenced by Spanish Catholicism.

• The Northwest, because residents are influenced by Russian Orthodoxy.

Multiple Choice

The image shows a religious structure in Mexico City. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on the image?

• Social class divisions determined by the Spanish aristocracy are evident in Latin American cities.

• Socialist planning resulted in segregation of Mexico City.

• Gentrification of the central market area of an urbanized zone led to an increase economic development.

• Spanish colonialism influenced architecture of the cultural landscape.

• Mass transportation systems were designed to alleviate traffic congestion.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following features is most useful for describing the cultural landscape shown in the image?

• The ethnicity of the people in the image

• The dragon that the people are holding

• The French language on the banner hanging from the building

• The density of the crowd

• The clothing of the people participating in the parade

Multiple Choice

Cultural landscape is closest in meaning to which of the following?

• Cultural ecology

• Nonmaterial culture

• Environmental determinism

• Physical environment

• Built environment

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape?

• Coastal wetland

• Cloud forest

• Stand of mangrove trees

• Eroded shoreline

• Adobe ruins

Cultural Trait

Multiple Choice

Identify which of the following concepts or processes is symbolized by the pagoda in the image.

• Acculturation

• Material culture

• Assimilation

• Cultural trait

• Syncretism

Sense of Place

Multiple Choice

The temples shown in the images, combined with the surrounding scenic physical landscape, have become centers of pilgrimage and tourism. These factors combine to result in enhanced religious expression and local

• placemaking

• spatial analysis

  
  

• suburbanization

• technological change

• multiculturalism

Multiple Choice

Toponyms in southern California reflect which of the following?

• Cultural heritage of the settlers

• Importance of time-space convergence

• Growing influence of globalization

• Significance of locational theory

• Role of popular culture in American society

Assimilation and Acculturation

​Assimilation of Native Americans in boarding schools

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains the practice of placing indigenous children in boarding schools in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

• The schools were intended to promote multiculturalism by introducing European culture to indigenous youth.

• Many schools appropriated indigenous culture by using tribal names for sports teams.

• The schools represented a traditional cultural trait of many indigenous societies.

• The schools were intended to blend indigenous and European cultures through syncretism.

• The schools were intended to diffuse Christianity and assimilate indigenous youth into European culture.

Multiple Choice

Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation?

• A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood.

• Despite the large number of historic churches in France, many French identify as nonreligious and believe that religion is a private matter.

• The island of Mauritius has large populations of Christians, Hindus, and Muslims. The constitution of Mauritius prohibits discrimination and protects freedom of religion.

• The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. All of the children were taught English, and girls were taught how to be homemakers.

• Hinduism diffused from India to Bali, where it blended with traditional Balinese beliefs to create a form of Hinduism unique to Bali.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains how immigration affects the cultural landscape of religion?

• Immigrants often retain their religion during the process of acculturation, contributing to religious diversity within the cultural landscape of the receiving country.

• Immigrant communities fuse their own religion with the dominant religion in the receiving country to create a syncretic religion.

• Ethnic religions do not diffuse past their hearth, so immigrants must adopt a new religion when relocating to a new country.

  Ethnic religions do not diffuse past their hearth, so immigrants must adopt a new religion when relocating to a new country.

• Immigrants bring their religion with them when they relocate, and their religion quickly spreads to the overwhelming majority of citizens in the receiving country.

• Immigrants’ original religions disappear as immigrants fully assimilate into their new culture and adopt the dominant religion of the area.

Multiple Choice

An ethnic neighborhood is best described as which of the following?

• An involuntary community where people with similar values reside

• A rural community where people with similar backgrounds are required to live

• A voluntary urban community where people of similar origin reside

• An area in the inner city where certain groups are forced to live

• A city neighborhood that is undergoing population change due to immigration

Cultural Diffusion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following geographic concepts can be identified using information evident in the image?

• Cultural diffusion

• Acculturation

• Forced migration

• Sequent occupance

• Cultural relativism

Multiple Choice

As Buddhism diffused through East Asia, Buddhist traditions blended with local cultural customs to create distinct religious practices, such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan. Which of the following terms best describes this blending of cultural traditions?

• Assimilation

• Acculturation

• Possibilism

• Multiculturalism

• Syncretism

Multiple Choice

Chinese porcelain was highly valued in Europe for its beauty, style, and durability. However, imported porcelain from China was very expensive. Crafters in Germany and England developed new methods of making porcelain using feldspar and bone rather than the kaolin that was used in China. This new porcelain was viewed as having similar quality to Chinese porcelain, and the new methods continued to be used in Europe.

This example describes what type of diffusion?

• Relocation diffusion, because the Chinese brought their porcelain to Europe

• Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needs

• Contagious diffusion, because people throughout the world adopted the use of porcelain

• Hierarchical diffusion, because only the wealthy could afford porcelain

• Expansion diffusion, because the porcelain-making process spread from China to Europe

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of hierarchical diffusion?

• The practice of selling pizza by the slice in America, whereas pizzas in Italy were traditionally sold as whole pies

• The addition of hands-free driving features to cars manufactured by companies headquartered throughout the world

• The migration of asylum seekers from Syria to Europe

• The increasing popularity of Korean pop music around the world because of social media

• The increasing sales of clothing brands endorsed by professional athletes to customers in Europe

Multiple Choice

The spread of the use of chopsticks into Southeast Asian countries with the influx of Chinese immigrants is an example of which of the following concepts?

• Stimulus diffusion

• Hierarchical diffusion

• Assimilation

• Acculturation

• Relocation diffusion

Religions

Multiple Choice

Hinduism and Buddhism have their origins in South Asia. Much of Hinduism’s population is concentrated in South Asia, whereas much of Buddhism’s population has diffused to other parts of Asia. Which of the following best explains this difference in the cultural diffusion of Hinduism and Buddhism?

• Hinduism is a polytheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a monotheistic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

• Hinduism is a monotheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a polytheistic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

• Hinduism is a polytheistic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is an ethnic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

• Hinduism is a universalizing religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is an ethnic religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

• Hinduism is an ethnic religion concentrated in the region near its cultural hearth, and Buddhism is a universalizing religion that has spread to regions where the religion has been adopted.

Multiple Choice

The principal religion of Central and South America is

• Eastern Orthodoxy

• Roman Catholicism

• Buddhism

• Islam

• Protestantism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following originated in South Asia and subsequently spread throughout much of Southeast and East Asia?

• Hinduism

• Christianity

• Buddhism

• Sikhism

• Confucianism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly pairs a global religion described with its hearth region of origin?

• Buddhism and East Asia

• Christianity and Latin America

• Islam and Central Asia

• Hinduism and South Asia

• Judaism and eastern Europe

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of an ethnic religion?

•  Islam

• Mormonism

• Buddhism

• Judaism

• Roman Catholicism

Diffusion of Religion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains how Christianity became the dominant religion in the Philippines?

• Christianity was brought to the Philippines through relocation diffusion when the Spanish colonized the Philippines in the sixteenth century.

• Christianity entered the Philippines through the ministry of representatives from the Russian Orthodox church.

• A secondary hearth for Christianity arose in the Philippines in the twelfth century, and since that time Christianity has remained the dominant religion in the Philippines.

• Christianity entered the Philippines through contagious diffusion because of its proximity to Indonesia.

• Export-oriented logging companies from Japan brought Christianity to the Philippines during the twentieth century.

Multiple Choice

Christianity has expanded through repeated patterns of relocation diffusion to spread to the Americas. Which of the following explains the impacts of this diffusion on Christianity in the Americas?

• The repeated relocations have resulted in a wide diversity of Christian religious beliefs and practices.

• The repeated relocations have resulted in a single form of Christian religious beliefs and practices.

• The repeated relocations have resulted in a decline in the size of the Christian population.

• The repeated relocations have resulted in a single ethnic Christian population.

• The repeated relocations have resulted in a small number of ethnic Christian populations.

Type of Languages

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the process of creolization?

• The mix of Native American, African, and European influences to create new cultural forms

• The representations of Spanish, Portuguese, and French linguistic culture on the landscape of Latin America

• The layering of the European cultural landscape over the Native American landscape

• The exchange of crops and animals between the Old World and the New World

• The adoption of Native American toponyms for place-names of European settlements

Multiple Choice

Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of

• pidgin languages

• lingua franca

• standard language

• creole language

• official language

Diffusion of Languages

Multiple Choice

Based on the map, which of the following languages are most likely to be spoken in counties where 60 percent or more of residents spoke a language other than English at home?

• French and French Creole languages

• Spanish and American Indian languages

• German and Dutch

• Russian and Hindi

• Chinese and Arabic

Multiple Choice

The map shows the distribution of the language family that has the largest number of speakers in the world. Which statement correctly identifies the language family shown and the method of diffusion that best explains the pattern?

• The map shows the distribution of the Amerindian language family, which diffused from its hearth in Canada and spread southward into South America through contagious diffusion and into Europe and Asia through trade and hierarchal diffusion.

• The map shows the distribution of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which diffused from its hearth in China and spread into Europe by contagious diffusion and to the Americas through stimulus diffusion.

• The map shows the distribution of the Uralic language family, which diffused from its hearth in Iceland and spread into northern Europe through contagious diffusion by Norse trading groups.

• The map shows the distribution of the Indo-European language family, which diffused from its hearth in the Caucasus Mountains and spread throughout Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas, Africa, and Australia through colonialism and relocation diffusion.

• The map shows the distribution of the Afro-Asiatic language family, which diffused from it hearth in Egypt and spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula and into Eurasia through contagious diffusion and into the Americas through colonialism and relocation diffusion.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why English is the most widely spoken language in North America?

• The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from Great Britain.

• The English language diffused throughout North America through the process of hierarchical diffusion. The language was initially spoken in cities and was gradually adopted by people living in rural areas.

• The English language diffused to North America through the process of contagious diffusion. Christian missionaries were responsible for the spread of the language among the indigenous population.

• The English language was established as the official language of all of the British colonies in North America. Over time, it diffused throughout the population from the colonial leadership to the population.

• The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. This primarily occurred as a way of unifying the immigrant populations in both the United States and Canada.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains how the English language diffused to the location shown in the image?

• This location is the hearth of the English language, and English is the area's traditional language.

• English was the standard language of the Catholic Church and diffused to this location through religious practices.

• English was voluntarily adopted in this location as a useful lingua franca.

• English came to this location recently via imported popular culture such as movies and music.

• The English language was imposed on this location through a process of economic and political domination.

Multiple Choice

The sign shown in the image includes an Internet address for the county government. Explain how the sign illustrates the cultural tensions between traditional languages and English.

• The Internet spreads the use of English as a global lingua franca, but the Internet is also a place where traditional languages can be communicated and thrive.

• English is used for business and commerce on the Internet, while traditional languages such as Gaelic can only be heard in poems and music recordings but not written on the Internet.

• The Internet is produced only in English; as a result, many traditional languages disappear due to the dominance of English-language communication.

• Many countries ban the use of English-language Internet sites in an effort to resist the forces of globalization and protect their traditional languages.

• English is being used less outside of the United Kingdom. Speaking a traditional language as a first language has become the norm in former British colonies.