Heredity and Evolution Review

Heredity and Evolution Review
TEST Tomorrow

Traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes in DNA.

DNA is a type of molecule that carries the inherited information passed from parents to offspring.

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a product, usually a protein.

A chromosome is a cell structure that contains an organism’s DNA. Each chromosome is made up of one long molecule of DNA that includes many genes along its length.

Inside a cell, there is an enclosed structure called the nucleus. The nucleus contains the cell’s chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

Where can you find the chromosomes in your cells?

• in the cytoplasm

• in the membrane

• in the nucleus

Fill in the Blank

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Fill in the Blank

Chromosomes are really long strands of ___

Multiple Choice

Number 5 in the diagram shows a section of the DNA in a chromosome. This section if DNA represents a ____

• allele

• gene

• genome

• heredity

Reorder

Order the following from smallest to largest (left to right)

• Gene

• DNA

• Chromosome

• Nucleus

• Organism

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Mitosis

Purpose: Growth and Repair.


1 division



2 cells

46 chromosomes in each cell.

Meiosis

Purpose: Create gametes

2 divisions



4 cells
23 chromosomes in each cell.

​Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Why is greater genetic diversity important for a species?

• the species is more likely to survive disasters

• the population of the species will never get too large

• there will be less competition with other species

Multiple Choice

Which statement below is correct about asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

• Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction both involve one parent

• Sexual reproduction involves making clones and asexual reproduction creates diverse/different offspring

• Asexual reproduction creates clones and sexual reproduction creates diverse/different offspring

Categorize

Options (6)

2 cells

4 cells

Sexual reproduction

Forms gametes

Asexual reproduction

Growth and repair

Organize these options into the right categories

Mitosis

Meiosis

two different alleles
Ex: Aa

heterozygous

Same alleles

Ex: AA or aa

AA= homozygous dominant
aa= homozygous recessive

Homozygous

Vocab

Multiple Select

Which of the following traits can be inherited?

• Height

• good manners

• blood type

• neatness

Multiple Choice

Identify the homozygous dominant genotype:

• FF

• Ff

• ff

Multiple Choice

Which of these is homozygous recessive?

• Rr

• RR

• Ba

• bb

Multiple Choice

What is the phenotype of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair) 

• 50 % Brown Hair and 50% Blond Hair 

• 25 % Brown Hair and 75% Blond Hair 

• 75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair 

• 0% Brown Hair and 100% Blond Hair 

Multiple Choice

If B = brown hair and b = blonde hair, what is the probability of brown hair?

• 25%

• 50%

• 0%

• 75%

Symbols

• Circle = female
• Square = male
• Normal or without

trait = unshaded

• Trait = shaded

Generations

• Each generation

is (often) labeled
with a Roman
numeral.

• Oldest generation

at top of pedigree

• Current

generation at
bottom

Multiple Choice

How many generations are represented in the pedigree?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

In the diagram, individual III-3 indicates

• a female with no freckles

• a male with no freckles

• a male with freckles

• a female with freckles

Multiple Choice

What is the Genotype of individual I-1?

• FF

• Ff

• ff

• Can't know for sure

Evolution

is the gradulal change in organisms over time

Fossil Record

Fossils of ancient organisms have similar structures and DNA than that of organisms today, suggestiing they are ancestors of living organisms.

Natural Selection

Nature selects those with desirable traits, and those survive and reproduce. Over time, the desirable trait becomes the most common because it has been past down generation after generation.

Multiple Select

The following evidence supports the theory of evolution: Check all that apply.

• similar body structures in organisms

• Similar DNA in organisms

• population trends

• ancient fossils revealing adaptations of organisms

• natural selection

Multiple Choice

True or False? In Natural selection an animal chooses to adapt in a single generation, and survives.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

What is the gradual change in species over time?

• Evolution

• Adaptation

• Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is not a reason why species adapt and change?

• too much food available

• producing too many young

• producing too many offspring

• competition for the same resources