Challenges to Development Lesson

Challenges of Development Lesson

Directions

This is a graded assignment

Please answer all the questions to the best of your ability. They will be graded today, after your class period finishes.

Please write the highlighted portions into your notes. This content is likely to show up on this year's AP exam.

Do First: Match the Vocabulary to the Definition

1.Stage 1: Traditional Society

2.Stage 2: Preconditions of Takeoff

3.Stage 3: Takeoff

4.Stage 4: Drive to Maturity

5.Stage 5: Age of Mass Consumption

A.

Rostow’s stage describing societies
investing in technology for a few key
industries

B.

Rostow’s stage describing societies with
industrial technology in all industries

C.

Rostow’s stage describing societies
mostly working in the primary sector

D.

Rostow’s stage describing societies
mostly producing high technology
products

E.

Rostow’s stage describing societies which
have industrialized a few key industries

Fill in the Blank

Rostow’s stage describing societies investing in technology for a few key industries is ________________________

:

Fill in the Blank

1. Rostow’s stage describing societies with industrial technology in all industries is ___________________________

:

Fill in the Blank

Rostow’s stage describing societies mostly working in the primary sector is ________________________

:

Fill in the Blank

Rostow’s stage describing societies mostly producing high technology products is ________________________

:

Fill in the Blank

Rostow’s stage describing societies which have industrialized a few key industries __________________________

:

Brain Dump: What do you know about Ecuador?

Open Ended

Brain Dump: What do you know about Ecuador?

Objective: Students will explain causes
and geographic consequences
of recent economic changes.

Students will use academic language in writing and discourse.

Multiple Choice

What stage of the Demographic Transition Model is the United States in now?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

Multiple Choice

What stage of the Demographic Transition Model was the United States in during the 1850s?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• Stage 4

Multiple Choice

What is the dominant sector of the economy in the United States? 

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Quaternary

Deindustrialization and Postindustrial Landscapes

●Many countries that have once been
focused on industrialization have shifted to tertiary and quaternary sector jobs.
Changing from secondary sector
dominance to tertiary sector dominance
is called deindustrialization.

○Deindustrialized (or postindustrial)landscapes
may have

■High unemployment among unskilled and
industrial skilled workers

●Political resentment

■Domestic companies outsourcing
factories to semi-peripheral countries

■Brownfields develop from abandoned
industrial sites

Multiple Choice

How does GDP at the national scale disguise the effects of deindustrialization on the Midwest and Appalachia?

*US GDP: 25.44 trillion USD

• The GDP shows the wealth of the nation, but not the wealth by region

• The GDP shows the wealth of specific regions, but fails to cover the well-being of a nation

• The GDP shows the social development of a nation, but fails to explain the economic situation

• The GDP shows the economic development of a local area, not by region

International Division of Labor

●Core countries are dependent on the
labor and resources of the
semi-periphery and periphery
countries.

○Transportation is less of a problem in
modern times, due to new technologies
(time-space compression)

○Many places have free trade agreements,
to avoid tariffs on exporting/importing
goods.

○Many countries outsource their labor

■Poor labor conditions

■Loss of domestic industrial jobs

Leveraging Supranational Organizations

●

Supranational organizations can
lead to economic growth

○Pooled resources

○Greater access to markets due to
fewer barriers to trade

●

Economically, many
supranational organizations
embrace free trade and
neoliberalism among member
nations

​European Union: Single Market, Economic Bloc

Multiple Choice

Why would a European country with a smaller GDP join the European Union?

• The strength of the economic bloc has raised the economic development of member countries, as well as making it easier for smaller economies to compete.

• Member countries can borrow money from the European Union with no interest, making it easier for countries to invest in development projects.

• Using the same currency makes migration between member nations easier, easing tension for stateless people

• The member states are able to create strong military alliances, preventing infighting, as well as deterring attacks from other nations

Does NAFTA help all its members?

Open Ended

Does NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement) help all of its members equally? Use 3+ sentences, and evidence from the previous slide.

Turn and Talk

Are you team tariffs or team free trade? Why?

Global Financial Institutions

●International Monetary Fund: members
contribute to a shared fund that is invested
to promote the growth of all the members
(190 countries)

○IMF can lend money to countries to stabilize a
economic crisis

■Those loans have been criticized as being
too harsh on developing countries

●The World Bank loans money for projects
designed to increase development in
periphery and semi-periphery countries.

○The World Bank has been criticized for lack of
accountability, as well as pushing countries into
capitalism. Some say the World Bank has not
created enough change.

Turn and Talk

Why would the IMF and World Bank be attractive to developing countries? Why
haven’t they “solved” poverty?

●“Developing countries would be attracted to these financial institutions,
because…”

●“Poverty hasn’t been solved by these financial institutions, because…”

Multiple Choice

Why would the IMF and World Bank be attractive to developing countries?

• Developing countries often choose not to get loans, because they fear dependence on financial institutions and developed nations

• Developing countries do not need to pay back loans to the IMF and the World Bank

• Developing countries may be unable to receive loans from other sources, and need the money for development projects.

• Developing countries have many options for loans, but the IMF and World Bank are the most reliable financial institutions in the world

Open Ended

Why haven’t the IMF and World Bank “solved” poverty? (Use 3+ sentences)

Global Financial Crises

●When countries depend on each
other, an economic crisis in one
country can affect the whole world:

○2008 Recession in the U.S.

■Started in the U.S. due to risky
mortgage loans

■Major banks declaring bankruptcy
led to decreases in global trade and
rising unemployment

○Greece Debt Crisis

■The Recession led countries to
increase their debts

■Greece already had high debt

■Multiple institutions bailed out
Greece, since the crisis could
spread to the other countries that
used the same currency

Exit Ticket (Questions from AP Classroom)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains a benefit of membership in the European Union?

• Member states are eligible to receive loans from the European Union, which protects states against recession.

• Member states receive equal numbers of international migrants, which ensures even distribution of resources.

• Member states receive annual payments from the European Union, which boosts gross national income.

• Member states have more secure borders, which guards against conflict.

• Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt?

• The increased percentage of women in the labor force

• Competition from foreign imports

• Environmental legislation

• The formation of free trade associations

• The decline of labor unions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following processes explains the change in coal miners employed in the United States from 1950 to 2000?

• Technological diffusion

• Just-in-time production

• Industrial revolution

• Devolution

• Deindustrialization

Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms refers to an area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values?

• Rimland

• Heartland

• Shatter belt

• Enclave

• Gerrymandered area

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a feature of the original central business district (CBD) found in most cities?

• Manufacturing space is located in the middle of the original CBD.

• Residential space is generally not permitted in the original CBD.

• Retail space is generally not permitted in the original CBD.

• Land values are the highest of any zone in the metropolitan area.

• Land values are the lowest of any zone in the metropolitan area.