Operating System

THE

OPERATING

SYSTEM

2025

THE OBJECTIVE

Upon completion of this lesson, you should
be able to :

• Describe the importance of computers in daily life.

• Explore

the

difference

between

system

and

application software.

• Types of Operating System

• Identify the tasks an operating system performs
• Start a computer

UNDERSTANING WHAT IS A

COMPUTER?

A Computer is an electronic device that receives data (input), Processes data, stores data, and

produces a result (Output)

•

A Computer includes hardware and software. The

actual machine -wires, transistors, and circuits is

called Hardware.

•

The software consists of instructions, or programs,

for controlling the computer so it performs tasks.

The input and output devices connected to the

computer such as the Keyboard, monitor are also

called Peripherals.

Multiple Choice

A computer is an ______ device

• Electronic

• digital

• wiring

• Machine

Multiple Choice

The software consists of instructions or programs,

for controlling the computer so it performs tasks.

• True

• False

WHAT IS A OPERATING
SYSTEM?

•

Is a group of software especially designed
to help the user to manage and operate
the computer.

•

. Types of System Software that works in
the interface between the system user and
hardware

•

The

Operating

system

is

an

essential

component that every computer and the
first computer system that gets loaded in
the memory.

HARDWARE AND SYSTEM SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE PROGRAM

OPERATING SYSTEM

ROLE OF THE OPERATING
SYSTEM

THE OPERATING SYSTEM:
•

Manages hardware devices

•

Controls communication among hardware devices

•

Control communication between application
programs and hardware devices

• Manage files stored on the computer.

• A program is a sequence of Instructions.
The individual lines of instruction as referred to as
code.

TYPES OPERATING SYSTEM

•

Single user and Multiuser- Operating System

•

Batch Operating System

•

Time-Sharing Operating System

•

Distributed Operating System

•

Networking Operating System

•

Real-Time Operating System

•

Mobile Operating System

•

Embedded Operating System

POPULAR OPERATING

SYSTEM

WINDOWS 11

Windows 11 is the latest major

release of Microsoft's Windows

NT operating system, released

on October 5, 2021

•Microsoft Windows

10

•Microsoft Windows 8

•Microsoft Window 7

MAC OS X (Apple for

Macintosh

Mac OS 14 Sonoma

Version June 5, 2023, at WWDC
2023 and released on September 26

of that year.

•Maverick

•Version 10.10 Yosemite

•Version 10.11 El Captain

X is a roman numeral 10.

releases of Mac X up to 10.8 are
named after big cats, such as Snow
Leopard and Mountain Lion

Linux Mint 21.3

Linux Mint 21.3 "Virginia", released on

January 12, 2024. As an LTS release, it will be

supported until 2027.

•Knoppix

•Ubuntu

•Gentoo

Poll

After learning the Operating System choose which OS you will consider buying in the future.

• Window

• MAC OS

• LINUX

Multiple Choice

what is this image?

• MAC OS

• WINDOWS

• LINUX

• Android

Multiple Choice

what is this image?

• MAC OS

• WINDOWS

• LINUX

• Android

Multiple Choice

what is this image?

• MAC OS

• WINDOWS

• LINUX

• Android

Multiple Choice

what is this image?

• MAC OS

• WINDOWS

• LINUX

• Android

Advantages of Windows 11

Windows 11 has the Following Advantages

•Improved User Interface

•Better Performance

•Improved Gaming Experience

•Integration with Microsoft Teams

•Better Touch Support

•Better Integration with Android

POPULAR OPERATING

SYSTEM

WINDOWS 11

Windows 11 is the latest major

release of Microsoft's Windows

NT operating system, released

on October 5, 2021

•Microsoft Windows

10

•Microsoft Windows 8

•Microsoft Window 7

Disadvantages of Windows 11

Windows 11 has the Following Disadvantages

•Incompatible Hardware

•Limited Compatibility with Older Software

•No Live Tiles

•Fewer Customization Options

•Lack of Control Panel

•Limited Virtual Desktop Support

Limited Search Functionality

Multiple Choice

Mac OS 14 Sonoma was released September 26 2024

• True

• False

Advantages of MAC OS

MAC OS has the Following Advantages

•Fewer virus attacks

•Good customer support

•Similar GUI for all the products

•Performance and long life

•Default apps

•Can run Windows

POPULAR OPERATING

SYSTEM

Disadvantages of MAC OS

•Expensive

•Fewer games and software

•No hardware customization

•Less hardware used

MAC OS X (Apple for

Macintosh

Mac OS 14 Sonoma

Version June 5, 2023, at WWDC 2023 and

released on September 26 of that year.

•Maverick

•Version 10.10 Yosemite

•Version 10.11 El Captain

X is a roman numeral 10.

releases of Mac X up to 10.8 are named after big
cats, such as Snow Leopard and Mountain Lion

•Open Source. One of the main advantages of
Linux is that it is an open-source operating
system, i.e. its source code is easily available to
everyone.

•Security

•Revive Older Computer Systems.

•Software Updates.
•Customization.

•Various Distributions.

•Free to Use (Low Cost)

•Large Community Support.

POPULAR OPERATING

SYSTEM

The following are the drawbacks or disadvantages
of Linux OS:
•

It is difficult to set up, install, and use by novice
users.

•

There is no single organization responsible to
provide support or updates. Hence it is more
difficult to get help during any technical issues.

•

Few software might not be available for linux
use specific to certain applications.

•software
Few hardware peripherals may not be fully
compatible with Linux OS.

Linux Mint 21.3

Linux Mint 21.3 "Virginia", released on
January 12, 2024. As an LTS release, it

will be supported until 2027.

•Knoppix

•Ubuntu

•Gentoo

SOFTWARE

•

The term Software refers to any program that
makes a computer run.

• System Software: is the software that runs

a computer, and it includes the operating
system and Utility program.

• Application software: is the software you

use most directly to complete a specific
task or create something electronically.

SOFTWARE

A utility program is a system software or application
that executes a specific task, generally about optimal
maintenance or operation of the system resources.

Operating systems such as Windows, machos, and
Linux come with their own set of programs to
maintain and execute different utility functions such
as formatting, compressing, scanning, exploring, and
more.

Multiple Choice

______ runs a compute , and includes the operating system and utility program.

• Application Software

• Utility Software

• System Software

• Operating System

Multiple Choice

_________coordinates the resources and activities on a computer.

• Application Software

• Utility Software

• System Software

• Operating System

Multiple Choice

_______ helps the operating system set up, maintain , and protect a computer.

• Application Software

• Utility Software

• System Software

• Operating System

Multiple Choice

complete a specific task or create something electronically

• Application Software

• Utility Software

• System Software

• Operating System

OPERATING SYSTEM

When the computer system is powered
on the operating system is the first system
program that gets started in the memory.

OPERATING SYSTEM

•Shut down: Completely shut down.

•Restart: Closing application and reset the
operating system

•Sign out: Close applications but keep the
operating system running so another user
can sign in without restarting.

•Switch Users: The application and the
operating system continue to run, though
you cannot access them until you sign in.

Sleep/Hibernate: The application and the
operating system continue to run, though
in a low-power state.

CRITICAL THINKING

1. You are using a computer in the cafe to work on a project you want to keep

private. you leave the computer for a few minutes while you order a hot
beverage.

2. You are going away for five days.

3. You share a computer with your roommate, who wants to briefly check his/her

email while you are working on the computer.

4. You are finished working on your computer for the day but want it to resume
quickly when you use it again in the morning

5. You installed a new application and are instructed to reboot.

THANK

YOU