pre intermediate 01 review CIL-UMSS

-ed -ing adjectives

Some participles (like 'bored' or 'boring') can be used as adjectives. These are used in a slightly different way from normal adjectives.

We usually use the past participle (ending in -ed) to talk about how someone feels:

• I was really bored during the flight (NOT: I was really boring during the flight). .

• She's interested in history (NOT: She's really interesting in history)

• John's frightened of spiders (NOT: John's frightening of spiders).

Multiple Choice

My nephew was _______ by the clown.

• amused

• amusing

We usually use the present participle (ending in -ing) to talk about the person, thing, or situation which has caused the feeling:

• It was such a long, boring flight (so I was bored).

• I read a really interesting book about history (so I was interested).

• Many people find spiders frightening (so they're frightened when they see spiders).

Multiple Choice

It's so ________ ! No matter how much I study I can't seem to remember this vocabulary.

• frustrated

• frustrating

Multiple Select

The journey was _______. Twelve hours by bus!

• exhausted

• exhausting

Multiple Choice

He was ________ when he saw the spider.

• frightened

• frightening

Multiple Choice

She's a really________ woman. She's lived all over the world and speaks five languages.

• interesting

• interested

Emphasis

Emphasis

• Cleft Sentences

• Inversions

Cleft Sentences

• We use Cleft Sentences to help us focus on a particular part of the sentence and to emphasize what we want to say.

• Example: He wanted to see the new Marvel movie.

• Emphasis: What he wanted to see was the new Marvel movie.

Multiple Choice

We wrote a letter to apologize.

• What we did was write a letter to apologize.

• What we did to write a letter to apologize.

• What we do is write a letter to apologize.

• What we wrote to apologize with a letter.

Multiple Choice

She stole the homework from someone else.

• What she did was steal the homework from someone else.

• What she did was stole the homework from someone else.

• What she stole the homework from someone else.

• What she does is stole the homework from someone else.

Another type of Cleft Sentence is with the word IT.

• Example: Dani made the cake last night.

• Emphasis: It was Dani who made the cake last night.

• OR: It was the cake that Dani made last night.

• OR: It was last night that Dani made the cake.

• With IT you can emphasize each part of the sentence.

Multiple Choice

David played Xbox all day yesterday.

• It was David who played Xbox all day yesterday.

• It was the Xbox who David played all day yesterday.

• It was all day yesterday that the Xbox that David played.

Multiple Choice

We want to find out where they are hiding.

• It's where they are hiding that we want to find out.

• It's what they are hiding that we want to find out.

Inversions

• There are two types of Inversions:

• Negative Inversions

• Conditional Inversions

Negative Inversions

• Usually, we put the expression at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize what we're saying. It makes our sentence sound surprising or striking or unusual.

Common Inversions

Structure of Inversions

• Neg Adv + Aux + S + Verb

• Example: Never have I seen such amazing food.

• Neg Adv + Verb TO BE + S

• Example: Never is she late.

Multiple Choice

I have never encountered such rudeness!

• Never have I encountered such rudeness!

• Never I have encountered such rudeness!

• Never had I encountered such rudeness!

• Never I had encountered such rudeness!

Multiple Choice

You can't inform the staff about the food under any circumstances.

• Under no circumstances can you inform the staff about the food.

• Under any circumstances can you inform the staff about the food.

• Under no circumstances you can inform the staff about the food.

• Under any circumstances can't you inform the staff about the food.

Tenses: Auxiliary verbs

Remember!

• An auxiliary verb helps the main verb and is also called a "helping verb." With auxiliary verbs, you can write sentences in different tenses, moods, or voices.

• They help us to write negatives and questions too!

Auxiliary Verbs for present tenses

• do / does

• am/ is / are (continuous)

Auxiliary Verbs for past tenses

• did

• was / were (continuous)

Auxiliary verbs for future

• will

• am / is / are

Auxiliary Verbs for perfect tenses

• have / has

• had

Multiple Choice

She's done really well.

• Present Perfect - Active

• Present Perfect - Passive

Multiple Choice

The car has been repaired too many times already.

• Present Perfect - Active

• Present Perfect - Passive

EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

to soften requests and sound more polite

What is an embedded question?

• An embedded question is a type of question which is included within another question or sentence.

• It is different from other types of questions, as there must not be any auxiliary verb between the question word and the subject.

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Sentences that include embedded question usually begins with common introductory phrases like:

• Could you tell me ....

• I’d like to know ....

• I’m not sure ...

• Do you know ...

• I wonder ...

• Would you mind ...

• Let’s ask ...

Multiple Choice

Put the direct question below into an embedded question.

What work did he do best?

• I’d like to know what work he did best.

• I’d like to know what work did he do best.

• I’d like to know what work did he do best?

Multiple Choice

Put the direct question below into an embedded question.

Is the apartment available?

• I wanted to know if the apartment is still available.

• I wanted to know is the apartment still available.

• I wanted to know is the apartment still available?

Multiple Choice

Put the direct question below into an embedded question.

What was his job here?

• I wonder what his job was here.

• I wonder what was his job here.

• I wonder what was his job here?

Action & Non-action verbs

Simple or Continuous?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

• Actions happening now

• Temporary situations

• Trends

• ACTION VERBS ONLY!

Multiple Select

Tick the NON-ACTION verbs from the list:

• HAVE (eat- drink)

• THINK (opinion)

• UNDERSTAND

• THINK (mental process)

• HAVE (possession)

Multiple Choice

Choose the right form

• My mother is thinking I'm the best.

• My mother thinks I'm the best.

ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

CHANGING FROM ACTIVE TO THE PASSIVE VOICE.

Learning Objective

To be able to explain the difference between active and passive voice

ACTIVE PASSIVE VOICE 

The subject is the person or thing performing the action.

Active Voice:

     S + V + O + extra information 

In the Active Voice, the subject performs the action or causes the action.

E.g. Lebron threw the ball before the buzzer.

          S   +   V  + O  +  Extra information

Examples

• Kofi kicked the ball

• The boys cleaned the room

• The stray dog bit Louise

• Somebody has stolen my KitKat.

• Abena hid the pencil case under her bed.

Passive Voice

Passive Voice: O + hv + pp + by+ S + extra information  

In the passive voice, the subject is the recipient of the action.

The ball was thrown by Lebron before the buzzer.

Helping verb for present tense

The verb 'to be'

           I am

           He/She is

           They are

           We are

           You are

PRESENT TENSE

PASSIVE ( obj + hv- is/are/am +pp+ by + subj + extra info)

( go through picking the s,v,o and changing to the passive)

• Cows eat grass.

  Grass is eaten by cows. 

• The truck sweeps the road every morning.

  The road is swept every morning by the truck. 

  Or

  The road is swept by the truck every morning. 

• Emmanuella marks our work after school.

  Our work is marked by Emmanuella after school.

  
  

Multiple Choice

Select the correct passive form of the sentence below

Penguins eat fish.

• Fish is eaten by penguins.

• The fish is eaten by penguins.

Multiple Select

Select the correct passive form of the sentence below

Darnell drives a new jeep to school every day.

• Everyday Darnell is driven by the new jeep to school.

• A new jeep is driven by Darnell to school everyday.

Multiple Select

Select the correct passive form of the sentence below.

The DJ plays music.

• The music is played by the DJ

• Music is played by the DJ

Multiple Choice

My mom and sister talked with each other all night.

• Active Voice

• Passive Voice

Multiple Choice

Everyone ran into the house for protection from the storm.

• Active Voice

• Passive Voice

Multiple Choice

The kids played in the snow.

• Active Voice

• Passive Voice

Multiple Choice

The player was handed the ball.

• Active Voice

• Passive Voice