Evaluate review - April 24

Multiple Choice

Imagine you are editing a report you wrote about community service. Read the following sentence from your rough draft.

Research shows that involvement with community service projects helps develop leadership skills; however, community service requirements should be added to all school curriculums.

The word "however" does not correctly link the ideas. Which word or phrase from the options below should be used instead?

• on the other hand

• furthermore

• alternatively

• for this reason

Multiple Choice

Read the following excerpt from an article about a popular candy.

As the story goes, the idea for M&M's Plain Chocolate Candies was born during the Spanish Civil War. Forrest Mars, Sr. was visiting Spain when he saw soldiers eating chocolate drops covered in a hard coating. This sugar coating stopped the chocolate from melting in the soldiers' hands. The incident inspired Mars, and when he returned home, he experimented with different ideas and finally came up with a recipe for M&M's.

Which choice below shows the BEST way to paraphrase this excerpt while avoiding plagiarism?

• The idea for M&M's Plain Chocolate Candies was born during the Spanish Civil War when Forrest Mars, Sr. was visiting Spain when he saw soldiers eating chocolate drops covered in a hard coating.

• Forrest Mars, Sr. noticed that soldiers could eat chocolate that was covered in a hard coating without making a chocolate mess in their hands. The incident inspired Mars, and when he returned home, he experimented with different ideas and finally came up with a recipe for M&M's.

• Forest Mars, Sr. noticed that soldiers in the Spanish Civil War were able to eat chocolate drops without making a melted-chocolate mess. This gave him the idea to experiment with recipes to create a hard coating for chocolate drops. He soon created the recipe for M&M's Plain Chocolate Candy.

• Forrest Mars, Sr. discovered the idea for M&M's Plain Chocolate Candies in a very unlikely place. Since the Spanish Civil War was taking place, he probably should have been paying attention to something other than chocolate drops. However, Mr. Mars was fascinated by what the soldiers were eating and decided to make his fortune by creating a new candy.

Power and Might

Before 1980, few people outside of Washington State had ever heard of Mount St. Helens. But in January of that year, the active volcano began to concern scientists. A few months later it erupted with devastating force.

​

Two earthquakes foreshadowed the eruption. The mountain then began to shoot clouds of steam and large amounts of volcanic ash into the sky. In May, it exploded with a terrific force that almost destroyed the mountain. Gigantic rocks shot into the air. Some rocks as big as railroad cars shot up as high as 10 miles. Avalanches followed, and then rivers of mud raced down the mountain. Tephra created from dust and other fragments covered the land for miles around. More than fifty people were killed, and the animals and trees in the forest were buried and destroyed. The ash from the explosion caused breathing problems and even clogged streets and machines for miles around. Crops were destroyed, and for a time the ash made daytime look like night. Carried by strong winds, the ash reached far into the Midwest for months after the explosion.

Volcanoes are created when magma, melted rock found deep inside the earth, is forced onto the earth's surface as lava. Volcanoes most commonly occur along continental plate boundaries. The most violent eruptions take place where the plates collide. During these eruptions, gas is produced as rock melts in a magma chamber and the mix of gas and magma rises toward Earth's surface. The heavy rock around the magma puts pressure on it, until the magma eventually blasts out through weak parts of the rock surface. Many eruptions occur in the ocean floor or on volcanic islands.

To those who have had no direct experience with them, volcanoes seem exciting and captivating. But people who have observed or experienced a volcano firsthand find the mere thought of one terrifying. Just ask one of the many Americans who were living in the Pacific Northwest during Mount St. Helens's fiery eruption.

Some people might argue that if volcanoes are so dangerous, perhaps human beings should not live near them. However, even though volcanoes are among the most powerful destroyers on Earth, they also serve good purposes. For example, the lava rock is used for building roads. Pumice, a type of rock formed from cooled lava, often is used for grinding and polishing. And sulfur, a gas commonly expelled during volcanic eruptions, is used to make chemicals. In addition, people who live in regions with volcanoes use the underground heat and steam to produce electricity. Like many things found in nature, volcanoes can both hurt and help humans.

Multiple Select

Imagine your teacher has asked you to create a multimedia presentation on the topic of this passage. Select the TWO components that would be best to include in your presentation in order to emphasize important points.

• a map of the state of Washington

• a chart showing, by state, the number of volcanoes in the United States

• a photograph of tephra next to a caption containing the definition of tephra

• a list of the most interesting landmarks in the Pacific Northwest

• an illustration depicting the cycle of a volcanic eruption

Multiple Choice

Imagine you are writing a report about the two World Wars. Choose the MOST reliable source for finding that information.

• a current events periodical

• an online encyclopedia

• an almanac

• an atlas

Multiple Choice

What is an almanac?

• A book containing a calendar, weather predictions, important facts, discoveries, and astronomical data for a specific year.

• A novel written by a famous author about historical events.

• A collection of poetry and short stories from various cultures.

• A type of map used for navigation on the sea.

Multiple Choice

Imagine that your teacher has asked you to write an informational essay about the daily hardships faced by families during the time that the Soviets blocked all ground access to Berlin. Which of the following choices would be the MOST credible source for relevant information?

• a newspaper article announcing the end of the war

• an interview with a military expert about the types of planes used to drop candy

• a short story based on the heroic acts of the "candy bombers"

• an autobiography written by a father who lived in Berlin after the war

After World War II ended on May 8, 1945, Germany was divided into four sectors controlled by the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. The capital city of Berlin, deep in the heart of the Soviet zone, was divided in half, with one half controlled by the western Allies and the other by the Soviets. Cooperation between east and west eventually broke down, and on June 24, 1948, the Soviets blocked all ground access to Berlin. On June 26, the Berlin airlift began, and the Allies brought food, coal, medical supplies, and other essentials to the people of West Berlin. Before the airlift ended 15 months later, more than 277,000 flights carried 2.3 million tons of cargo into West Berlin.

The Candy Bomber

"Alex, catch!" Sandra watched their ball sail over her brother's head and land just beyond the fence at Tempelhof airport.

"What did you do that for?" Alex hollered over the roar of a cargo plane speeding down the runway. The children had grown used to the noisy planes that landed every three minutes to bring supplies to their city.

Alex surveyed the airport and, deciding that no one was paying attention, began to climb the fence.

"Are you crazy?" Sandra cried as she ran after him. The fence was covered with signs ordering "NO TRESPASSING" in big bold letters. "Mama will kill you if she finds out you scaled the fence!"

"But she's not going to find out," Alex said. Sandra understood his point. It was their only ball since so much had been destroyed during the war. They couldn't just leave it there.

Just as Alex reached the top of the fence, Sandra saw something that made her voice catch in her throat. One of the pilots who had been standing near the planes was making his way over to the fence. He looked so stern in his uniform. Sandra was sure that Alex was done for.

As she stood there shaking, the soldier kneeled down on his side of the fence.

"Hello," he said and smiled at her. Sandra was terrified. Alex was stuck on the top of the fence, and the pilot was talking to her.

Although she didn't speak much English, she understood that his name was Lt. Halvorsen because she could read his name tag. He moved his hand toward her and squeezed his big fingers through the holes in the fence. He waggled his fingers, beckoning her to come nearer. Slowly she reached her hand out. Into it he dropped two sticks of gum. She couldn't remember ever having held such a treat in her hands! Usually they were lucky to have enough to eat, let alone such luxury as a piece of candy.

Sandra looked up at Lt. Halvorsen with a wide smile.

"Thank you!" she said, grateful it was one of the few English phrases she knew. Then Sandra broke the two pieces of gum in half and shared them with Alex, who had just dropped back to the ground, and two other kids who had come over to see what was going on. The pilot had attracted quite a crowd and the other kids took turns smelling the sweetness of the gum wrappers. The pilot was touched by their gratitude and promised that next time he came, he would bring more candy for Sandra and her friends.

"Next time I come, I'll wiggle my wings once, so you'll know that it's me." He held his arms out and wiggled them to show them what he meant. Then he picked up their ball and tossed it over the fence.

Lt. Halvorsen did as he said. Soon the children started to call him Uncle Wiggly Wings or the Chocolate Pilot. One wiggle of his plane's wings, and then chocolate and candy wrapped in parachutes made from handkerchiefs dropped from the sky. After the destructive bombs Sandra, Alex, and the other children had been used to, they'd take these candy bombs any day.

Multiple Select

Imagine you are leading a group discussion about this passage. Which would be the TWO best questions to ask other members of the group to encourage extended discussion focused on the passage?

• Why aren’t Alex and Sandra’s parents with them at the airport?

• Throughout the passage, how does the author explain the causes and effects of World War II?

• How did the children's feelings about soldiers change?

• How does Sandra's fear of getting into trouble affect the overall meaning of the passage?

• Why did other kids gather at the fence once Lt. Halvorsen appeared?