TOEFL Reading Section - Stated and Unstated Detailed Information

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Reading TOEFL

Windi Asariastika

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STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

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Multiple Choice

Ice ages, those periods when ice covered extensive areas of the Earth, are known to have occurred at least six times. Past ice ages can be recognized from rock strata that show evidence of foreign materials deposited by moving walls of ice or melting glaciers. Ice ages can also be recognized from land formations that have been produced from moving walls of ice, such as U-shaped valleys, sculptured landscapes, and polished rock faces.

According to the passage, what happens during an ice age?

• Rock strata are recognized by geologists

• Ice covers a large portion of the Earth's surface.

• Evidence of foreign materials is found.

• Ice melts six times.

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Practice

Multiple Choice

Ice ages, those periods when ice covered extensive areas of the Earth, are known to have occurred at least six times. Past ice ages can be recognized from rock strata that show evidence of foreign materials deposited by moving walls of ice or melting glaciers. Ice ages can also be recognized from land formations that have been produced from moving walls of ice, such as U-shaped valleys, sculptured landscapes, and polished rock faces.

The passage covers how many different methods of recognizing past ice ages?

• one

• two

• three

• four

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Practice

Multiple Choice

The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own function in the cycle of pumping blood. The atria are the thin-walled upper chambers that gather blood as it flows from the veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the thick-walled lower chambers that receive blood from the atria and push it into the arteries with each contraction of the heart. The left atrium and ventricle work separately from those on the right. The role of the chambers on the right side of the heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissues and send it on to the lungs; the chambers on the left side of the heart then receive the oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs and send it back out to the body tissues.

The passage indicates that the ventricles...

• have relatively thin walls

• are above the atria

• send blood to the atria

• force blood into the arteries

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Did you know?

Multiple Choice

The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own function in the cycle of pumping blood. The atria are the thin-walled upper chambers that gather blood as it flows from the veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the thick-walled lower chambers that receive blood from the atria and push it into the arteries with each contraction of the heart. The left atrium and ventricle work separately from those on the right. The role of the chambers on the right side of the heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissues and send it on to the lungs; the chambers on the left side of the heart then receive the oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs and send it back out to the body tissues.

According to the passage, when is blood pushed into the arteries from the ventricles?

• As the heart beats

• Before each contraction of the heart

• Between heartbeats

• Before it is received by the atria

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UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice

Blood pressure measurement has two components: systolic and diastolic. Systolic pressure is taken when the heart is contracting to pump blood; diastolic pressure is taken when the heart is resting between beats. In the usual blood pressure reading, the systolic measurement is given first and is the higher of the two.

Normal blood pressure is a systolic measurement of 140, and when the systolic pressure is 160 or higher, then hypertension exists. Systolic pressure between 140 and 160 indicates borderline hypertension.

Which the following is NOT true about systolic blood pressure?

• It is taken during the contraction of the heart.

• A normal systolic measurement is 140.

• It is usually given first in a blood pressure reading.

• Hypertension exists when the systolic pressure is below 140.

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UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

Blood pressure measurement has two components: systolic and diastolic.
Systolic pressure is taken when the heart is contracting to pump blood;
diastolic pressure is taken when the heart is resting between beats. In the
usual blood pressure reading, the systolic measurement is given first and is
the higher of the two.

Normal blood pressure is a systolic measurement of 140, and when the
systolic pressure is 160 or higher, then hypertension exists. Systolic
pressure between 140 and 160 indicates borderline hypertension.

1. Which the following is NOT true about systolic blood pressure?
(A) It is taken during the contraction of the heart.
(B) It is usually given first in a blood pressure reading.
(C) A normal systolic measurement is 140.
(D) Hypertension exists when the systolic pressure is below 140.dc dd

Multiple Choice

Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the red and white blood cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because a patient generally needs the plasma portion of the blood more than the other components.

Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all, plasma can be mixed for all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole blood does. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.

AlI of the following are true about blood plasma EXCEPT...

• it is a deeply colored liquid

• 
  patients are often transfused with it

• blood cells have been taken out of it

• it is generally more important to the patient than other parts of whole blood

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Blood plasma is clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the read and
white cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because a patient generally
needs the plasma portion of the blood more than the other components.
Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all, plasma can be
mixed for all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole blood
does. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.

1 All of the following are true about blood plasma EXCEPT that ….
A. it is a deeply colored liquid
B. blood cells have been taken out of it
C. patents are often transfused with it
D. it is generally more important to the patient than other parts of whole blood

2 Which of the following is NOT stated about whole blood?
A. it is different from plasma
B. it cannot be dried
C. it is impossible to keep it in storage for a long time
D. it is a clear, colorless liquid

Multiple Choice

Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the red and white blood cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because a patient generally needs the plasma portion of the blood more than the other components.

Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all, plasma can be mixed for all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole blood does. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.

Which of the following is NOT stated about whole blood?

• It is different from plasma.

• It is impossible to keep it in storage for a long time.

  
  

• It cannot be dried.

• It is a clear, colorless liquid.

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INFERED QUESTIONS

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The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with a
mass of more than a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first
identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust
cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare
metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in
the crust of Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this
component of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact
site itself in the Yucatán region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was
originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.

Question: Which of the following can be inferred from the paragraph about the location of
the meteorite impact in Mexico?

A. The location of the impact site in Mexico was kept secret by geologists from 1980 to

1990.

B. It was a well-known fact that the impact had occurred in the Yucatán region.
C. Geologists knew that there had been an impact before they knew where it had occurred.
D. The Yucatán region was chosen by geologists as the most probable impact site

because of its climate.