HARDWARE

HARDWARE
PRESENTATION

THE OBJECTIVE

Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to :

•

Describe how a computer represents data.

•

Identify system components for input and output

•

Define Input devices and explain how to use them.

•

Define Output devices and explain how to use them

•

Identify types of Storage devices and media

UNDERSTANDING HOW A COMPUTER
REPRESENTS DATA

• Computers are binary machines, meaning they

understand only two states and off, represented by
0 and 1, reflecting whether a circuit is receiving
electricity (on or 1) or not receiving electricity (off or
on).

• Each digit is called a bit, short for binary digit which

is the smallest unit of data a computer can process.

• Each bit grouped is called a byte, roughly equivalent

to one character.

UNDERSTANDING HOW A COMPUTER
REPRESENTS DATA

Multiple Choice

Computers are_____machines, meaning they understand only two states-on and off, represented by 0 and 1

• thinking

• Binary

• Bonding

• Building

UNDERSTANDING HOW A COMPUTER
REPRESENTS DATA

Prefix for “Bytes” with a meaningful prefix. For example “giga” means
“Billion”

“Gigabyte” means one billion bytes, equivalent to about 450 digital
songs.

Term

Numbers of Bytes

Example

Kilobytes (KB)

1,024 (about 1,000)

250-word poem

Megabyte (MB)

1,048,576 (1 Million)

4 books of 200 page

Gigabytes (GB)

1,073,741,824

( 1 billion) 341 digital photos of

3 MB each

Terabyte (TB)

1,099,511,627,776

300 hours of video

Multiple Choice

1,099, 511,627,776 bytes are measured by

• Kilobytes

• Megabytes

• Gigabytes

• Terabytes

UNDERSTANDING HOW A COMPUTER
REPRESENTS DATA

Peripheral devices include Keyboards, mice,

printers, monitors, and other display screens.

PORTS AND BUSES

•
Another type of bus is called Firewire, IEEE 1394, which

was developed by Apple as a high-speed method for
connecting multimedia devices such as video, and cameras
to a computer.

Multiple Choice

A ____ is a sequence of electronic circuitry used to transfer data among computer components. For example, the CPU has buses to move data between CPU components.

• bus

• ports

• USB hub

EXPANSION CARD

•

Circuit boards called Expansion cards or Adapter
Cards can be plugged into the expansion slot on
the motherboard of a desktop or server
computer.

• A mobile computer uses Express Card modules and USB adapters, which

are smaller than expansion cards. (about 3 inches long) and are plugged
into slots or ports that you can access outside of the system unit.

INPUT DEVICES

•

An input device is a peripheral device you use to enter

data and commands into the computer.

.

The Keyboard is the most common input device for entering text
and numbers into a computer. Keyboards can be built into the
computer, as they are in mobile computers, attached using a cable
plugged into USB ports or connected using a wireless connection.

INPUT DEVICES

Mobile devices use clip-on keyboards or on-
screen keyboards., which are also called virtual
keyboards. If the device has a touchscreen, you
can touch it directly to use the onscreen
keyboard.
Other innovative types of keyboards include the
following:
•

Ergonomics - An ergonomic is designed to
provide comfort and avoid stress or fatigue to
your hands, wrists, and arms.

•

Specialized- Some keyboards include
specialized keys that represent specific items
for input such as food orders and are used in
fast-food restaurants and other workplaces.

Foldable or flexible- An easily transported
keyboard primarily used with mobile devices, this
type of keyboard is soft to the touch and is water-
resistant.

POINTING DEVICES

A pointing device is an input device you use to position
the pointer on the screen.

Mice
The mouse is a pointing device that fits comfortably in the
palm of your hand.

Optical - An optical mouse uses a laser to detect
movement

Wireless- A wireless mouse is a battery-powered device
that relies on infrared waves to communicate with the
computer.

Touch Mouse- A touch-sensitive mouse recognizes
gestures in addition to standard clicks.

POINTING DEVICES

A touchpad (also called a trackpad) is a
touch-sensitive surface that can convert
the motion and position of your fingers to a
relative position on the screen.

Multiple Choice

A keyboard that is built into a computer is called a virtual keyboard

• true

• false

POINTING DEVICES

•

Some mobile computers contain a pointed
stick, a pressure-sensitive device that
resembles a pencil eraser. It's a located on the
keyboard, general between G, H, and B keys

•

A trackball is a pointing device that works like a mouse with
a ball on top of the device.

Multiple Choice

mouse recognizes gestures in addition to standard clicks.

• optical

• wireless

• touch mouse

TOUCH SCREEN DEVICES

• Mobile computers, especially tablets and smartphones,

use touchscreens which have a touch-sensitive surface
that overlays the screen display and responds to the
electrical impulses in your fingertips.

• Computers are provided at Kiosks in public places such

as an airport or gas station.

• Touchscreens are not technically pointing devices

because they allow you to interact with a GUI without
moving an on-screen pointer.

DIGITAL PEN DEVICES

Many mobile computers and some desktop computers
accept input from a stylus, which is a pen-like writing
instrument that works with touchscreens

AUDIO DEVICE

Audio input is a sound entered into the computer and includes
speech, sound effects, and music. Examples of audio input devices are
microphones, portable music, and players.

VIDEO INPUT DEVICES

•

When you capture still or moving images with
a digital camera, they are stored digitally in the
cameras as the video input to the device.

•

A PC video camera or Webcam is a type of
digital video (DV) camera you can use the send
live images over the Internet, participate in
video telephone calls, and send email
messages with video attachments.

SPECIALZED INPUT DEVICES

Other input devices are used for
specializing applications. These include
game controllers, which you use when
playing games, especially those that
simulate driving cars or flying a plane, and
many types of scanners and security
devices.

GAME CONTROLLER INPUT DEVICES

The Joystick and wheel are types of
pointing devices you use when playing
games or adaptive equipment when you
need an alternative mouse.

SCANNER INPUT DEVICES

Scanners are devices where you can change images into
codes that the computer accepts as input. The quality of a
scanner is measured by pixel per inch (ppi) the highest the
ppl number, the better the input image.

These devices convert printed documents and images
into electronic object that can be stored in a computer’s
memory.

A Bar is a matrix of a series of lines with varying
heights and widths that represents letters and
numbers.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) readers can scan the
code stored in an RFID tag, a tiny chip with a radio antenna
that is attached to almost anything, including products, price
tags, and shipping labels.

BIOMETRICS DEVICES

Biometrics is a security technique using automated
methods of recognizing a person based on a physical
characteristic. The biometric device consists of scanning
hardware and software that converts the scanned
physical information into a digital format.

STORAGE DEVICES

• When you enter data using an input device, the data is

stored in RAM, which is temporary Memory.

• If you want to keep a permanent copy of the data, you

must save it on some type of storage media.

• Storage media are the physical materials used to store

devices including hard drives, CD/DVD drives, and USB
flash Drives.

• The term storage technology refers to a storage device

and the media it uses. Storage technologies include
magnetic, optical, and solid-state technologies.

STORAGE DEVICES

A Hard Drive, also called Hard Disk, is the main storage
device in the computer.
Most hard drives use magnetic storage technology to
retain data.

A recently developed type of hard drive is called a solid-state
drive(SSD), which uses flash memory technology to store data as
electrical than magnetic charges. The advantage that SSDs offer is
that they have no moving parts, so they are more durable and reliable
than mechanical hard drives.
They are more expensive, consume less power, generate less heat,
and retrieve data more quickly making them a good alternative for
tablets and other mobile devices.

STORAGE DEVICES

PORTABLE DRIVE

To external hard drives, you can attach other types of drives to a computer and use them to store them. These Removable drives are ideal for transporting data from one computer to another, adding storage capacity to a computer, and securing data away from a computer. Removable drives use the same solid-state technology as internal SSDs do, The smallest types are collectively called memory cards which are frequently used with cameras, smartphones, portable media players, and other similar electronic devices .

​Secure digital (SD) card

Compact flash (Cf) card

MicroSD card in adapter

STORAGE DEVICES

EXTERNAL HARD DRIVE

To Increase the storage capacity of your computer, you
can use an external hard drive, a separate, freestanding
high high-capacity storage device that attaches to a
computer, usually a USB port. Physical sizes and Storage
capacities vary. ranging from small portable devices
designed to hold songs, photos, and other personal files.
to larger desktop units.

OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICE

Optical Storage devices use lasers to read and write or
plastic platters that contain a metal layer, which reflects
light back to a sensor in an optical drive. Desktop and
laptop computers often have optical drives.

THANK

YOU