Nervous system lesson SS

Nervous System

The Nervous System

Functions of the nervous system:

• Sense the environment (Sensory Input)

• Interpret messages (Information Processing)

• Respond to messages (Motor Output)

Open Ended

Mention one of the functions of the nervous system

Parts of the Nervous System

Multiple Choice

The central nervous system is made of ______

• heart and lungs
• muscles and spinal cord

• brain and nerves

• brain and spinal cord

Multiple Choice

The peripheral nervous system is made of ____

• spinal cord

• brain

• nerves

Neurons

• Neurons are specialized nerve cells

• Neurons consist of three main regions:

• The dendrites

• A cell body

• An axon

Multiple Choice

What is a neuron?

• A type of bone in the human body.

• A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses.

• A type of blood cell

Multiple Choice

What are the main three parts of a neuron?

• Spinal Cord, Cerebellum, Hippocampus
• Axon Terminal, Schwann Cell, Neurotransmitter
• Dendrites, Cell Body , Axon

• Synapse, Nucleus, Myelin Sheath

Neurons

• Dendrites receive impulses from other neurons and conduct impulses to the cell body.

• The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles.

• The axon passes those impulses on to the other neurons or muscles.

• Myelin sheath: A fatty layer that insulates (protects and covers) the axon and helps nerve impulses travel faster.

Multiple Choice

_________receive impulses from other neurons and conduct impulses to the cell body.

• Dendrites
• Synapses
• Axons

Multiple Choice

The __________________contains the nucleus and other organelles.

• dendrite

• cell body

• axon

Multiple Choice

The function of myeline sheath is _______

• to protect the brain from injury
• to insulate nerve fibers and increase the speed of signal transmission
• to facilitate blood flow in the nervous system

Types of Neurons

Multiple Choice

The type of neurons found in sensory organs are called_________

• interneurons

• motor neurons
• sensory neurons

Multiple Choice

Motor neurons extend from the brain to _______

• muscles
• bones
• nerves

Multiple Choice

The type of neurons that connects different neurons to each other is called

• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
• Sensory neurons

Stimulus-Response Model

Detection of a
stimulus triggers the
sensory neuron to
transmit a message to
the central nervous
system. There, the
message is relayed to
interneurons that
integrate the
information and
generate instructions
about how to respond

Decision making
Conscious thought

Multiple Choice

Stimulus-Response Model includes ________

• external stimuli triggering a response
• response triggering external stimuli
• internal stimuli triggering a response

Multiple Choice

the brain is involved in Stimulus-Response Model.

• True

• False

Stimulus-Response Model

Stimulus

a change in the environment (either external or internal) that is
detected by a receptor

Receptor

transform environmental stimuli into electrical nerve impulses

Nerve Impulses

A signal transmitted through nerve cells

Effectors

Organs (either muscles or glands) that produce a response to
a stimulus

Response

The change in the organism that results from the detection of
a stimulus

Multiple Choice

Which of the following set of organs is an example of receptors in Stimulus-Response Model?

• Eyes, Ears, Skin
• Muscles, Bones, Joints
• Heart, Liver, Kidneys

Multiple Choice

A signal transmitted through nerve cells is called _________

• axon transmission
• neuron wave
• nerve impulse

Multiple Choice

Organs (either muscles or glands) that produce a response to a stimulus are called _____________

• stimulators
• responders
• effectors

Multiple Choice

The change in the organism that results from the detection of
a stimulus is called ________

• response
• stimulus
• adaptation

Multiple Choice

Effectors are_______________

• Organs (either muscles or glands) that produce a response to a stimulus

• Neurons that receive signals from the environment

• Parts of the peripheral nervous system

Multiple Choice

_________________is the change in the organism that results from the detection of a stimulus

• Effector

• Stimulus

• Response

Reflex Arc Model

The nerve impulse completes a reflex arc, or a nerve
pathway that consists of:
➢ a sensory neuron
➢ an interneuron
➢ a motor neuron.

Reflex arc pathways do not involve the brain

Multiple Choice

__________processes reflexes

• Lungs
• Brain
• Spinal cord

Multiple Choice

Reflex arc pathways involve the brain.

• True

• False

Reaction versus Reflex

Decision making
Conscious thought

Open Ended

What is the main difference between reflex arc and Stimulus-Response Model?

Parts of the Nervous System

The nervous system consists of two major divisions:

-Made up by the interneurons of the brain and spinal cord.

-Relays messages, processes information, and analyzes responses.

2. Peripheral nervous system:

Made up by the sensory and motor neurons that carry
information to and from the central nervous system.

1. Central nervous system:

Multiple Choice

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system work separately.

• False
• True

Multiple Choice

Peripheral nervous system carry
information to and from the central nervous system.

• True

• False

Parts of the Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Includes all neurons that are not part of the central nervous
system

➢ Sensory neurons

➢ Motor neurons

•

Classification:

o Somatic nervous system (voluntary)

o Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

▪ Sympathetic ( stress and danger situations)

▪ Parasympathetic ( rest situations/get back to normal)

Multiple Choice

Somatic nervous system is responsible for_________

• processing of emotional responses
• voluntary control of skeletal muscles and sensory information processing
• involuntary control of internal organs

Multiple Choice

Autonomic nervous system is responsible for ________

• Controlling voluntary muscle movements
• Controlling involuntary bodily functions.

Multiple Choice

Sympathetic nervous system controls

• the body's involuntary responses during stress.

• the body's responses during sleep.

• digestion and nutrient absorption.

Multiple Choice

After a stressful experience,_______________ nervous system helps restore the body to its resting state.

• sympathetic
• central
• parasympathetic

Multiple Choice

One example of the sympathetic nervous system function

• Decreased heart rate during relaxation.
• Normal blood pressure

• Increased heart rate during stress or danger.

Central Nervous System: The Brain

The brain has over 100 billion neurons (interneurons).

Protected by the skull.

The brain maintains homeostasis and is involved with almost
of the body’s activities (the control center of the body).

Parts of the brain include:

o The cerebrum

o The cerebellum

o The brain stem

o Hypothalamus

​​the largest part of the brain
Carries out thought processes involving learning, memory, language, speech,
voluntary body movements, and sensory perception

Multiple Choice

Cerebrum is the smallest part of the brain.

• True
• False

located at the back of the brain
​
Controls balance, posture, and coordination.

Multiple Choice

__________controls balance, posture, and coordination

• hypothalamus
• cerebellum
• thalamus

-​located between the brain stem and cerebrum.

Maintains homeostasis:
- Regulates body temperature, thirst, appetite, and water balance.

- It links the nervous and endocrine systems together.

Parts of the Brain: Cerebrum

Brain part

Function

Cerebrum

the largest part of the brain
Carries out thought processes involving learning, memory, language, speech,
voluntary body movements, and sensory perception

Cerebellum

located at the back of the brain
Controls balance, posture, and coordination.

Brain stem

Relays signals between parts of the brain and spinal cord.
Helps control breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure

Hypothalamus

located between the brain stem and cerebrum.
Maintains homeostasis:
- Regulates body temperature, thirst, appetite, and water balance.
- It links the nervous and endocrine systems together.

Spinal cord

Extends from the brain to the lower back.
connects body parts to the central nervous system.
Processes reflexes

Multiple Choice

One function of hypothalamus is ________

• Controlling muscle movement
• Regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst.
• Producing insulin

​Relays signals between parts of the brain and spinal cord.


Helps control breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure

Multiple Choice

___________Helps control breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure.

• Skull

• Brain stem

• Cerebrum

​Extends from the brain to the lower back.
connects body parts to the central nervous system.
Processes reflexes