Infinitives and Gerunds Final test

Infinitives (positives and negatives)

• to + base form

• to play

• not to + base form

• not to play

Some examples:

• I need to eat something.

• It's important not to come late.

• I bought two tickets to go to the concert.

• I don´t know what to say. I don't love you anymore.

Infinitives as objects of a sentence

• In English some verbs require an infinitive.

• There are a lot of verbs that follow this pattern.

• decide: The president decided not to participate in the discussions.

• plan: We are planning to watch a movie tonight.

• want: I want to get a master's degree

Infinitives after adjectives

When you describe something with an adjective, an infinitive should follow. 

Infinitives to indicate the purpose or intention of an action.

In this case TO has the same meaning as IN ORDER TO.

Examples

• She came to collect her paycheque.

• The three bears went to find firewood.

• I am calling to ask you about dad.

• Your sister has gone to finish her homework

Infinitives after question words.

The verbs ask, decide, explain, forget, know, show, tell, and understand can be followed by a question word such as where, how, what, who, & when + to + infinitive.

Examples

• She asked me how to use the washing machine.

• Do you understand what to do?

• Tell me when to press the button.

• I'm not sure I know who to call.

Negative Infinitive

• The negative form of the infinitive is not to + verb.

• She decided not to enter the competition.

Multiple Choice

Circle the correct answer:

2- Gerunds can be used after all following verbs except :

• enjoy

• don't mind

• avoid

• would like

Multiple Choice

4-.............= to + the base form of the verb, e.g., to sing, to dance, to run.

• Gerund

• Infinitive

Multiple Choice

3-...............is the present participle (-ing) form of the verb, e.g., singing, dancing, running.

• Infinitive

• Gerund

Multiple Choice

5-I would like.............. (come) to the party with you.

• coming

• to come

Multiple Choice

6-He enjoys .......... (have) a bath in the evening.

• having

• to have

Multiple Choice

7-I am learning............. (speak) English.

• speaking

• to speak

Multiple Choice

8-Do you mind ..........(give) me a hand?

• giving

• to give

Multiple Choice

He demanded _____ to the manager

• to speak

• speaking

Multiple Choice

She waited _____ a drink.

• buying

• to buy

Formation of a Passive Gerund

• Passive gerunds are formed by using:

'being' + past participle verb

• Example: I enjoy being entertained.

• Passive gerunds are used to talk about actions that are being done to the subject.

• We DON'T pay attention to who performs the action.

Multiple Choice

What is the form of passive gerunds?

• Use 'being' + past participle form of the verb

• Use the verb 'to be' + the past participle form of the verb

• Using the verb 'to be' + the base form of verb

Passive Infinitive

• Passive infinitive is formed by using:

'to be' + past participle verb

• It is used to focus ON the action.

• Example: 'I hate to be forced to listen to a dumb ad over and over again'

Multiple Choice

What is the form of passive infinitive?

• to be + past participle verb

• to have + past participle verb

• to do + past participle verb

• to go + past participle verb

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of passive infinitives and gerunds?

• To show that the action is done to the subject

• To focus on an action

• To indicate the subject's preference

• To express the subject's emotions

Passive Infinitives and gerunds:

To focus on the action. Passive infinitives and gerunds are used to shift the focus onto the actions instead of who performed the action!
CHECK these examples:

1-Lucy hates to be forced to watch that annoying ad.
(Do we know who forces Lucy? No! )
2-Valery and Oscar enjoy being entertained.
(Do we know who entertains them? No!)
What is important IS the action happening to them!!

Open Ended

Any questions about Passive forms of gerunds and infinitives?

PERFECT INFINITIVES

When we talk about a plan, an expectation, a hope or an intention to complete an action before a specified time in the future, we use perfect infinitives.

I hope to have answered all your questions by the end of this class.

MEANING

An expectation is something we are almost sure will happen. We use the verb expect.

I expect to have finished all my homework by 9.

A hope is something we can completely control and we are not sure will happen. We use the verb hope

I hope to have finished all my homework by 9.

For an intention or plan we use the verbs plan or intend.

I intend to have finished all my homework by 9.

COMPARE

"I'm sorry we seem to have lost connection with our wi-fi"

"I'm sorry we lost connection with our wi-fi"

Multiple Choice

Are they different in meaning?

• Yes

• No

I lost connection

It was my fault

We seem to have lost

It's not my fault

PERFECT INFINITIVES

• Something happened in the past

• I didn't do it

• Passive voice

• "Someone stole a bike"

• "A bike was stolen"

Multiple Choice

Choose the active voice sentence:

• The bank was robbed

• Someone stole the bank

Multiple Choice

Choose the passive voice sentence:

• We were told to wait

• Someone told us to wait

SEEM AND APPEAR

• We seem to have lost the flight

• Michael appears to have lost his memory

STRUCTURE

SUBJECT+ SEEM/APPEAR+ TO HAVE + VERB IN PP

"We seem to have been scammed"

STRUCTURE

SUBJECT+ SEEM/APPEAR+ TO HAVE + VERB IN PP

"We seem to have been scammed"

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence:

• We appear to have lost our belongings

• We appear to lost our belongings

KNOW / THINK/ SAY / REPORT/ BELIEVE

• We use the verb TO BE

• "Leonardo da Vinci is thought to have painted this picture"

• "The plane is reported to have crashed 10 miles from here"

Multiple Choice

A perfect gerund or perfect infinitive is used for _____________

• all actions, situations and conditions occurring in the past.

• situations where the speaker is unsure of what has happened

• an action or condition which takes place before the time of the main verb.

Multiple Choice

Perfect gerunds and perfect infinitives may be

• active or passive

• past or present

• singular or plural

Multiple Choice

Mary makes many mistakes in grammar in spite of having graduated from college with a four point average. Which grammar item is used in the preceding sentence?

• Perfect gerund

• Perfect infinitive

Multiple Choice

We are lucky to have had good weather all week.

Which grammar item is used in the preceding sentence?

• Perfect gerund

• Perfect infinitive

Multiple Choice

Thomas is thankful for having been allowed to drive his dad's BMW to Mexico city.

This sentences uses ___________ form.

• the perfect gerund

• the perfect infinitive

• neither

​Using Infinitives in Continuous Forms

Sometimes, infinitives can be combined with continuous forms to express ongoing actions or intentions. Here’s how:

1. Infinitive of Continuous Forms

This construction involves using an infinitive to refer to an ongoing action in the future or in expressions of purpose. It is typically structured as "to be" + present participle.

Examples:

• She seems to be running late.

• He claims to be working on the project.

2. Continuous Forms in Infinitive Phrases

When you want to express ongoing actions in an infinitive phrase, you can use "to be" + the present participle.

Examples:

• I hope to be traveling by next year.

• They want to be playing in the finals.

2. Continuous Forms in Infinitive Phrases

When you want to express ongoing actions in an infinitive phrase, you can use "to be" + the present participle.

Examples:

• I hope to be traveling by next year.

• They want to be playing in the finals.

3. Using Infinitives After Verbs That Indicate Future Intentions

Certain verbs are often followed by infinitives to express a future action or intention that is continuous.

Examples:

• Plan: We plan to be meeting with them tomorrow.

• Expect: She expects to be working late tonight.