Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Trends and
Compounds

CHEMISTRY GRADE 8

Electronic
Structure

Atoms have electrons arranged in
different electron shells or energy
levels around the Nucleus.

1st shell: Maximum 2 electrons
2nd shell: Maximum 8 electrons
3rd shell: Maximum 8 electrons

Multiple Choice

Boron has an electronic structure of [2,3]. What is the number of electrons in Boron?

• 2

• 3

• 5

• 8

Formation of Ionic bonds

Sodium reacts with
other elements by
losing an electron.
When this happens, the
sodium atom forms an
ion.

Multiple Choice

Boron has an electronic structure of [2,3]. What is the number of ions in Boron?

• -3

• +3

• -5

• +5

Draw the ion structure of

Draw

Draw the ion structure of Li with 3 electrons.

Ionic Bonding

A sodium ion (Na+) and chlorine ion (Cl-) can form an ionic bond
to form compound sodium chloride (NaCl).

A magnesium ion (Mg2+) and chlorine ion (Cl-) can form an ionic
bond to form compound magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

Open Ended

How many ions of chlorine react with one ion of calcium to form calcium chloride? (Cl = 17, Ca = 20).

Open Ended

Write the chemical formula for calcium chloride and calcium oxide.

Draw the ionic bond of

1. Potassium fluoride (KF)

2. Magnesium fluoride (MgF2)

3. Calcium Oxide (CaO)

Draw

Draw the ioninc bonding of CaO by using the outermost s. Ca = 20, O = 8.

Covalent Bonding

Formed into a molecule when pairs of non-metals electrons are
shared between atoms.

Multiple Choice

Which one is the example of covalent bonding?

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
• Iron oxide (Fe2O3)
• Hydrogen molecule (H2)

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bond between atoms forming into molecule. This type
of diagram is known as a dot and cross diagram.

Multiple Choice

Which statement shows the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

• Ionic bonding involves electron transfer and ion formation, while covalent bonding involves electron sharing.
• Ionic bonding occurs only in metals, while covalent bonding occurs in non-metals.
• Covalent bonding creates ions, while ionic bonding does not involve electrons.
• Ionic bonding involves electron sharing, while covalent bonding involves electron transfer.

​Covalent molecules are formed when atoms of different non-metals join together to form compounds and when atoms of the same non-metal join together.

They shared electrons to gain stability.

Covalent Bonding

Draw

Carbon disulfide (CS2), is a simple covalent compound used in manufacturing polymers and fibres. Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in carbon disulfide. Show the outer shell electrons only. (C = 6, S = 16)

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