Week 1 Lesson: Activity 1

Introduction to Business Administration

week 1 module #1

MODULE 1 Introduction to Business Administration

lEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Define management and its functions

2. Describe how the study of management has evolved through

the years.

3. Explain the contribution of business gurus in the field of

management.

LO.1 DEFINE MANAGEMENT AND ITS FUNCTIONS

Management is crucial in any organization, aimed at achieving goals and objectives through coordinated efforts.

​

​DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT

Frederick Winslow Taylor described management as “the art of knowing what to do, when to do it, and seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way.”


💡F.W. Taylor is an American inventor and engineer. He is known as the father of scientific management.

​

​Management is relevant to all types of organizations, whether they are businesses, non-profits, or government entities.

Applies to Any Organization:

​Management principles apply to all levels of an organization, from top executives to front-line supervisors.

​​All Managers at All Levels:

Managers perform four core functions: planning, organizing, directing, and controlling.

​​functions:

To develop a productive organization and efficiently utilize resources.

goals:

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3. Directing or Leading

4. Controlling

​

​functions of management

• Definition: Determining the course of action to achieve desired results.

• Purpose: Forecasting, outlining activities, and setting a clear direction.

• Example: Creating a strategic plan for a new product launch, including timelines and resource allocation.

​​planning

​

• Definition: Arranging and allocating resources to accomplish goals.

• Purpose: Designing organizational structures, establishing roles, and coordinating activities.

• Example: Developing an organizational chart and defining roles and responsibilities for team members.

​​organizing

• Definition: Guiding, motivating, and influencing individuals and teams.

• Purpose: Ensuring alignment with organizational goals through effective leadership.

• Example: Conducting regular team meetings, providing feedback, and motivating employees.

directing/ leading

​

• Definition: Measuring and correcting organizational activities to ensure goals are met.

• Purpose: Monitoring performance, comparing results with objectives, and making adjustments as needed.

• Example: Reviewing quarterly performance reports and making adjustments to improve productivity.

​​controlling

Multiple Choice

What is the primary goal of management?

• To increase profits

• To accomplish the organization’s goals and objectives

• To enhance employee satisfaction

• To innovate new products

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of the core functions of management?

• Planning

• Organizing

• Financing

• Leading

Multiple Choice

What does the function of planning involve?

• Allocating resources

• Setting objectives and outlining activities

• Guiding and motivating employees

• Monitoring performance

Multiple Choice

In the organizing function, what is a key responsibility of a manager?

• Motivating employees

• Allocating resources and defining roles

• Measuring performance

• Forecasting future trends

Multiple Choice

Directing (Leading) involves which of the following?

• Setting goals and objectives

• Arranging resources

• Guiding, motivating, and influencing employees

• Comparing actual results with planned objectives

Multiple Choice

Which function of management involves monitoring and making adjustments to ensure goals are achieved?

• Planning

• Organizing

• Directing

• Controlling

LO.3 Describe How the Study of Management Has Evolved Through the Years

• Period: Developed during the Industrial Revolution.

• Focus: Job content, standardization, division of labor, and scientific management.

• Key Contributors: Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol.

​

1.Classical Management Theory

• Focus: Emphasizes understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace.

• Key Contributors: Elton Mayo (Hawthorne Studies), Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs).

• Example: Implementing employee wellness programs and creating a supportive work environment to boost motivation and productivity.

​

2.BEHAVIORAL Management Theory

• Focus: Use of quantitative techniques (e.g., statistics, information models) to enhance decision-making.

• Example: Implementing statistical analysis for forecasting and planning.

​

3.QUANTITATIVE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

• Focus: Viewing the organization as a system with inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback.

• Example: Analyzing how different departments interact and affect each other.

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4.Systems Management Theory

• Focus: Adapting management practices based on situational factors and recognizing that there is no single best way to manage.

• Example: Adjusting management approaches depending on team size, project scope, or industry conditions.

​

5.CONTINGENCY SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

Multiple Choice

What theory focuses on job content, standardization, and the division of labor?

• Systems Management Theory

• Contingency Theory

• Classical Management Theory

• Quantitative School of Management

Multiple Choice

The use of statistical techniques and information models to improve decision-making is associated with which management school?

• Systems Management Theory

• Contingency Theory

• Classical Management Theory

• Quantitative School of Management

Multiple Choice

Which management theory views organizations as systems with inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback?

• Contingency Theory

• Systems Management Theory

• Classical Management Theory

• Quantitative School of Management

Multiple Choice

The Contingency School of Management suggests that:

• There is one best way to manage every situation.

• Management practices should be adapted based on situational variables.

• Standardization is key to management success.

• Mathematical models are the best decision-making tools.

Multiple Choice

Behavioral Management Theory emphasizes:

• Task efficiency and process optimization

• Human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace

• Quantitative analysis and forecasting

• Systematic approaches to organizational structures

Multiple Choice

Which study highlighted the impact of supervisory arrangements and employee relations on productivity?

• Hawthorne Studies

• Time and Motion Studies

• Systems Analysis

• Quantitative Models

Multiple Choice

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs is at the top of the hierarchy?

• Safety Needs

• Social Needs

• Esteem Needs

• Self-Actualization Needs

LO.4 Explain the Contribution of Business Gurus in the Field of Management

• Contribution: Known as the "Father of Scientific Management," Taylor emphasized task study and efficiency.

• Example: Developing time and motion studies to optimize work processes.

​

frederick taylor

• Contribution: Known as the "Father of Scientific Management," Taylor emphasized task study and efficiency.

• Example: Developing time and motion studies to optimize work processes.

​

henry l. gantt

• Contribution: Developed 14 Principles of Management, including:

  • Division of Work: Specialization increases efficiency.

  • Unity of Command: Employees should report to one manager.

  • Equity: Fair treatment of all employees.

  • Example: Implementing the principle of unity of command to streamline decision-making.

​

henry fayol

​EXAMPLE: Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Division of Work

• Example: In a group project, dividing tasks among team members (e.g., one person handles research, another manages presentations) makes the work more efficient and allows each member to specialize.

Authority and Responsibility

• Example: A team leader is given the authority to make decisions about the project and is also responsible for the outcomes. If the project fails, the leader is accountable.

Discipline

• Example: In a classroom setting, if students follow the rules set by the teacher (e.g., submitting assignments on time), it ensures a smooth and orderly learning environment.

​EXAMPLE: Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Remuneration of Personnel

• Example: Employees are paid fairly based on their job roles and performance. Bonuses or raises are provided to recognize and reward good work.

Centralization

• Example: In a small startup, decision-making might be centralized with the founder. In larger organizations, decision-making may be more decentralized, allowing managers more control.

Scalar Chain

• Example: An organization has a clear hierarchy: employees report to supervisors, supervisors report to managers, and managers report to executives, ensuring everyone knows their place in the chain of command.

​EXAMPLE: Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Order

• Example: A well-organized desk with all necessary materials in their place promotes efficiency and reduces time spent searching for items.

Equity

• Example: A manager treats all employees fairly and with respect, regardless of their role or background, ensuring a positive and inclusive work environment.

Stability of Tenure

• Example: A company offers job security and career development opportunities to reduce employee turnover and maintain a stable workforce.

​EXAMPLE: Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Initiative

• Example: Employees are encouraged to propose new ideas or improvements for processes. For instance, suggesting a more efficient way to handle customer service.

Esprit de Corps

• Example: A team-building activity is organized to enhance cooperation and team spirit among employees, fostering a collaborative and positive work culture.

​

• Contribution: Conducted the Hawthorne Studies, highlighting the impact of supervision and social factors on productivity.

• Example: Enhancing workplace conditions to boost employee morale and productivity.

elton mayo

​

• Contribution: Developed Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, focusing on human motivation and needs.

• Example: Addressing employee needs for growth and fulfillment to enhance motivation.

abraham maslow

• Physiological Needs: You first focus on your basic needs, like food and sleep. If you’re hungry or tired, it’s hard to concentrate on anything else.

• Safety Needs: Once your basic needs are met, you seek a safe environment. You look for a comfortable and secure dorm room, and make sure your campus has good security.

EXAMPLE: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Scenario:

You're student at a university.

• Social Needs: With your basic needs and safety assured, you now want to make friends and feel like you belong. You join clubs and participate in social events to connect with others.

• Esteem Needs: As you build relationships, you start seeking recognition and respect. You work hard in your classes, hoping to receive good grades and praise from your professors.

Example of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Scenario:

You're student at a university.

• Self-Actualization Needs: Finally, you focus on personal growth and achieving your full potential. You set ambitious goals for your future career and pursue passions, such as a special project or research that excites you.

​

Example of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Scenario:

You're student at a university.

Multiple Choice

Who is known as the "Father of Scientific Management"?

• Henry Gantt

• Elton Mayo

• Frederick Taylor

• Henri Fayol

Multiple Choice

What management tool did Henry Gantt develop to track project progress?

• Gantt Chart

• Flowchart

• Pareto Chart

Multiple Choice

Henri Fayol developed principles that are fundamental to management. Which of the following is NOT one of his 14 Principles of Management?

• Unity of Command

• Subordination of Individual Interest

• Quality Control

• Division of Work

Multiple Choice

In the context of Fayol’s principles, what does “Stability of Tenure” refer to?

• Encouraging frequent job changes to gain diverse experience

• Minimizing employee turnover and providing job security

• Centralizing decision-making authority

• Allowing employees to work from different locations

Multiple Choice

What does Henri Fayol's principle of “Equity” advocate for in management?

• Maintaining discipline through strict rules

• Fair treatment of employees while balancing discipline and kindness

• Limiting employee authority

• Encouraging employee specialization

​CONCLUSION

Management, encompassing planning, organizing, directing, and controlling, is essential for achieving organizational goals and optimizing resource use. Over time, management theories have evolved from the Classical Management Theory's focus on efficiency to the Quantitative School's use of data, the Systems Theory's holistic view, and Behavioral Management Theory's emphasis on human factors. Influential thinkers such as Frederick Taylor, Henry Gantt, Henri Fayol, Elton Mayo, and Abraham Maslow have shaped modern management through scientific methods, practical tools like the Gantt Chart, foundational principles, and insights into human motivation, continually enhancing our understanding and practice of effective management.