COMPUTER GENERATION-YEAR 6

KNOW YOUR COMPUTER

EARLY CALCULATING

DEVICES

BY MR. NOEL

INTRODUCTION

• The Computer is an electronic device capable of

Solving problems by accepting data, and giving a
result.

• I-INPUT
• P-PROCESS
• O-OUTPUT

EARLY CALCULATING DEVICES

1. Abacus:-
❑Is the first Calculating Machine, was developed in

China.

❑It was used to count numbers and perform simple

calculations such as addition and subtraction.

Abacus

cont

…

Napier’s Bones

•

Sir developed it. John Napier was released in 1617.

• It was used to perform Calculations involving

Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Evolution of Computers

1. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS (1940-1956) VACUUM TUBE
❑ They Used Vacuum tube
❑ Were expensive, large in size, and Bulky
❑ They did not support Multitasking

1

st

Generation Computers….

VACUUM TUBES

2. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1956

-

1963) TRANSISTOR

❑Transistors made computers smaller and cheaper
❑They made computers energy efficient
❑Emitted lots of heat

3

RD

GENERATION COMPUTERS

• 1964-1971-INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• Small transistors were placed on silicon chips called

semiconductors.

• High speed and more efficient than previous
• Easy to use and understand

4

TH

GENERATION COMPUTERS

1971

-

2010 MICROPROCESSOR

• Is compact and easy to maintain
• Relatively small and portable
• Had high processing speed

5

TH

GENERATION COMPUTERS

2010 Onwards Artificial

Inteligence

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Designed to perform tasks

requiring human-like intelligence, such as learning
and problem-solving.

• The use of robots.
• Developers are aiming at developing computers

capable of organizing themselves.

A.I CONTINUES……….

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

• Computers are classified according to their size and

Speed.

• Computers are generally classified as;
A. Microcomputer
B. Mainframe Computer
C. Minicomputer
D. Supercomputer

A.

Microcomputer

• These are termed personal computers.
• Consists of a CPU, Computer Memory, various

inputs and outputs.

• Can be used by one person at a time.
• Commonly used in classrooms, homes, banks,

universities, etc.

Microcomputer Continues…

• The following are Kinds of Microcomputers:-
A. Desktop PC-Microcomputer is designed to fit

comfortably on top of a desk, typically with the
monitor in front and the system unit on the side.

Microcomputer Continues…

B. Laptop: A portable Microcomputer.
• You can use it on your Lap.
• Laptop computers are also called Notebook

computers.

Microcomputer Continues…

C. Tablet: A mobile computer.
❖Has a Touch Screen and a stylus (A pointing device)
❖They are available in different sizes and have built-in

virtual keyboards.

Microcomputer Continues…

D. Smartphone: A Mobile phone built on a mobile
operating system.
❖Has Input (Touchscreen), Processing Part/Memory

and Output.

Mainframe Computers

• Powerful computers used primarily by large organizations for

bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer
statistics, and enterprise resource planning.

• Examples: IBM Z Series, Fujitsu GS21
• Uses: Large-scale transaction processing, batch processing,

managing and processing massive databases, and supporting
thousands of users simultaneously in banking, insurance,
and retail industries.

Mainframe Computers continues…

Minicomputers

• Mid-sized computers that are more powerful than

microcomputers but less powerful than mainframes.

• They were commonly used in the 1960s to 1980s for

specific organizational tasks.

• Examples: PDP-11VAX (Virtual Address extension)
• Uses: Scientific and engineering computations, Control of

industrial processes, Handling smaller-scale business
applications, Servers in mid-sized businesses and
departments.

Minicomputers Continues…

Supercomputers

•Is The most powerful computer available, used for highly complex
calculations and tasks requiring immense computational speed.

•Examples: Summit (IBM) and Fugaku (Fujitsu).

•Uses:
• Weather forecasting and climate research
• Molecular modeling and simulations
• Quantum physics research
• Cryptography and cybersecurity
• Large-scale simulations for scientific and engineering research.

Supercomputers….

Thanks For Watching

Bye

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER

INPUT UNIT

•

A computer accepts data through the input devices
connected to it.

• Examples of input devices are Keyboard, Mouse,

Scanner, Joystick, camera (Web Cam, Digital
Camera) Microphone, and Touchscreen(Both),
barcode reader.

• The input and Output units attached to a computer

are computer peripherals.

INPUT UNIT

Continues……

• Barcode reader: This is used by a computer to scan

and identify the product or item codes in
supermarkets.

MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER

RECOGNITION (MICR)

• READER: This reads the special characters printed

using magnetic ink, making them difficult to forge.
The MICRs Scan this information and are therefore
capable of sorting cheques.

OPTICAL MARK

RECOGNITION READER (OMR)

• Used for recognizing a pre-specified space on paper

that is marked by a pencil or a pen.

• It is commonly used for marking the answers on an

examination sheet.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

C.P.U

• Is the Control center of the computer.
• It is known as the brain of the computer.
• It is composed of three components which are

responsible for different functions.

1. ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

(ALU)

• It performs all arithmetic and logical operations

within the computer.

• This part provides the arithmetic and decision-

making capacity of a computer.

CONTROL UNIT (CU)

• Controls the flow of the information in the system. It

works like a traffic policeman who controls the traffic
on the road.

MEMORY UNIT(MU)

• It holds the processed and unprocessed data.
• Memory is a container that holds the data of a

computer.

COMPUTER MEMORY

• Computer memory is measured in Bytes.

Output Devices

• The output Unit is for getting information from a

computer.

• Example Visual Display Unit (VDU) or the Monitor,

Speakers, Printer, Projector, headphones.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Projector

• Output from a computer can also be viewed on a

large screen or flat surfaces.

PLOTTERS

• These are the output devices used for making high-

quality graphics, charts, diagrams, maps, etc.

• Plotters use an inkjet or ink pens to create the

required output on paper.

• Inkjet plotter: This sprays small droplets of ink onto a

piece of paper and creates an image.