Ch. 8-1 Life is Cellular

Ch.8-1 Life is Cellular

Cell - the basic unit in all living things
(Plants, animals, etc)
Cell theory states that:
- All living things are made of cells

​- cells provide structure and function in living things
- new cells form from existing cells

What is a cell?

- uses two lenses that allow light to pass through cells of a speciman in order to view them
- objective and ocular lenses
- chemical stains/dyes are used to view speciman because most cells are nearly transparent

Light Microscopes

- uses beans of electrons to view objects or speciman
- Two Types:
Transmission - electron beams can only pass through thin samples
Scanning - laser like beam scans specimen creating a 3D image

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Electron Microscopes

- Late 1500's: Eyeglass makers combined several glass lenses to magnify objects
- 1665: Robert Hooke used a light microscope to view the cells of a cork
- 1660's: Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single lens microscope to observe pond water and found vitamins and minerals

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Microscope History

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

- Also referred to as prokaryotic
(Pro)karyotic cells:
- are unicellular

- are smaller and simpler

- do not have a nucleus (nucleoid)

- grow, reproduce and respond to their environment
Ex. Bacteria and archaea
-Nucleoid: stores DNA, single circular chromosome

Prokaryotes

Multiple Choice

What is the primary location of DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

• Mitochondria

• Nucleoid

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotes have a single chromosome located in the nucleus.

• True

• False

- Also referred to as eukaryotic

Eukaryotic cells are:
- Unicellular or Multicellular

- larger and more complex

- have membrane-bound organelles

- DNA enclosed by a nucleus

- can grow, reproduce and respond to their enivronment

​ - have multiple chromosomes located in the nucleus
- found in plants and animals

Eukaryotes

Multiple Choice

True or False: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

• True

• False

​Prokaryotes DO NOT have a nucleus, eukaryotes DO.
Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes.
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes grow, reproduce, and adapt or respond to their environment.

​​Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Summary

Multiple Select

Which of the following is true about prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (Select all that apply.)

• Prokaryotes have a single chromosome, eukaryotes have multiple chromosome.

• Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, eukaryotes do.

• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes grow, reproduce, and adapt or respond to their environment.

• Nucleoids are found in eukaryotic cells.

Draw

Draw an arrow to where DNA is found in this cell. Label the name of this type of cell.

Draw

Draw an arrow to where DNA is found in this cell. Label the name of this type of cell.