Bacteria & Archaea Kingdoms

The two kingdoms used to be called the Monera Kingdom/Domain, but was split into the two kingdoms in the 1990's because scientists discovered significant genetic differences between the prokaryotic organisms previously grouped together in Monera

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​Bacteria & Archaea

Shared Characteristics

• single-celled organisms

• lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles - prokaryotes

• too small to be seen with the human eye - microbes

• reproduce through binary fission

• metabolism is typically based on fermentation or anaerobic respiration

Multiple Choice

True or False? Prokaryotes do not store their DNA in a nucleus as eukaryotes do. Their DNA is stored as a circular loop inside the cell.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

All organisms in domains Bacteria and

Archaea are _____ because they do not have a cell nucleus.

• prokaryotic

• eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotes copy themselves, or reproduce, by a pro-

cess called...

• primary fission

• primary fusion

• binary fission

• binary fusion

occurs in the absence of oxygen. In this process, cells generate energy through glycolysis, a process that converts glucose into ATP. However, this process is less efficient than aerobic metabolism, which uses oxygen to produce ATP

Anaerobic Metabolism

type of metabolism that occurs when organisms convert carbohydrates, like sugar or starch, into acids or alcohols in the absence of oxygen.

Fermentation

Metabolism- various chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life

​Movement

Multiple Choice

Some bacteria have hairlike parts called _____ which works like a tail to push a bacterium through fluids.

• cell wall

• nucleus

• flagella

• cytoplasm

Bacteria

• most fall into three categories: cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilli (spiral-shaped)

• ​found in all parts of Earth

• play a VITAL role in ecosystem (think in terms of Carbon Cycle and Nitrogen Cycle)

• Has a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan

• some bacteria are pathogenic organisms that can cause illness and diseases.

Multiple Choice

True or False: The 3 common shapes of bacteria are round, spiral and rod:

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which domain has organisms that live in many environments (in normal conditions)?

• Archaea

• Bacteria

• Both

Multiple Choice

All answers listed below are true about bacteria EXCEPT

• all are prokaryotes

• all are unicellular

• all are harmful

• all do not have nucleus

Archaea

• First discovered in 1977

• can be spherical, rod, spiral, lobed, rectangular, or irregular in shape. Some exist as single cells; others form filaments or clusters. An unusual flat, square-shaped species that live in salty pools have also been discovered.

• ​Have different RIBOSOMAL RNA than Bacteria (Genetically closer to Eukaryotes)

• Cell Wall DOES NOT have peptidoglycan

• Extremophile, an organism that is tolerant to environmental extremes and that has evolved to grow optimally under one or more of these extreme conditions, hence the suffix phile, meaning “one who loves.”

  • halophiles (high salinity), thermophiles (high temperature), alkaliphiles (highly alkaline), and acidophiles (highly acidic).

• no known pathogenic organisms, considered helpful to humans and environments

Multiple Choice

What kind of Archaea would you find in places such as volcanoes and hot vents on the ocean floor?

• Thermophiles

• Halophiles

• Cyanobacteria

• Acidophiles

• Volcanophiles

Multiple Choice

Bacteria and Archaebacteria are both prokaryotes. How do they differ to each other?

• Bacteria inhabit extreme environment while Archaebacteria inhabit diverse environment.

• Bacteria inhabit diverse environment while Archaebacteria inhabit extreme environment.

• Both inhabit diverse environment.

• Both inhabit extreme environment.