War of 1812

The War of 1812

8.31: I will be able to explain the causes, course, and consequences of the War of 1812, including: • Use of impressment and trade restrictions between the U.S. and Great Britain • Roles of Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison • Significance of the Treaty of Ghent • Rise in nationalism in the U.S

Multiple Choice

It's time to play Guess that Conflict:

What conflict took place in Jamestown where colonist stole from the Indians and, in retaliation, the Indians blocked the Colonists in and did not allow them in or out?

• The Starving Times

• Thanksgiving

• French and Indian War
• Salem Witch Trials

Multiple Choice

Guess that Conflict:

In 1692, what conflict led to the conviction of over 150 colonists and 19 people executed?

• Anne Hutchinson's Trial

• Salem Witch Trials
• American Revolutionary War
• French and Indian War

Multiple Choice

Guess that Conflict:

What war was fought over the Ohio River Valley Territory?

• American Civil War
• Napoleonic War

• French and Indian War
• War of 1812

Multiple Choice

Guess that Conflict:

What war was fought for American Independence?

• American Revolutionary War
• War of 1812
• French and Indian War

• Civil War

Multiple Choice

Guess that Conflict:

What was fought between the United States and the Pirates of Tripoli?

• French and Indian War

• The War of 1812
• The American Civil War
• The First Barbary War

​Since the presidency of George Washington, the United States' policy towards European Wars/conflicts is neutrality. The administrations of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson continued to push for this precedent. However, in 1805, while war rages between France and Great Britain, the Napoleonic Wars, the British began to seize and impress American ships along with its sailors and cargo because they did not want the US to be trading with their enemy. On top of this, the British set up a partial blockade seizing any ships that were coming to or from France. Between 1803-1812 the British had seized over 6,000 American ships. This put the United States in a difficult position. If US agreed with British laws and regulations it would anger France, however, if they began trading with the French it would anger the British. The conflict turned violent in 1807 when the British vessel Leopard attacked the US naval ship, Chesapeake. Three Americans lost their lives and then began an national outcry for war.

Impressment of Sailors

Multiple Choice

Review: Hey speaking of impressed sailors, during Washington's Presidency the British began seizing American ships. Instead of War Washington pursued for...

• Peace and Neutrality

• treaties and alliances
• economic sanctions and blockades
• military action and aggression

Multiple Select

During Washington Presidency, list the three treaties that were signed to avoid war and stay Neutral.

• Jay's Treaty

• Treaty of Greenville

• Treaty of Paris

• Pickney's Treaty

Multiple Choice

During the Adam's administration, French Ships began seizing American Ships. President Adams sent delegates to France to negotiate. Instead, the French demanded a bribe. What was the name of this event?

• War of 1812
• XYZ Affair
• Alien and Sedition Acts

• Treaty of Paris

Multiple Choice

What laws did President Adams pass to stop French and Democratic-Republican influence in the United States?

• The Declaration of Independence

• The XYA Affair

• The Alien and Sedition Acts.
• The Quartering Acts

​

President Thomas Jefferson decided against war and many critics of Jefferson spoke out against him. One critic even called Jefferson, "a dish of Skim milk curdling at the head of our nation." Instead of war Jefferson urged congress to pass a bill into law that bans all trade with Europe. This law became known as the Embargo Act, which passed into law in 1807. The law was an absolute disaster and destroyed the American economy. Plus, it did not stop ships being seized by the British. By the time Jefferson had left office the Embargo Act had been repealed by Congress. In 1808 Jefferson's friend and Secretary of State, James Madison, is elected the 4th President of the United States and inherits all of the country's messes.

Embargoes and War

Multiple Choice

Review: During the Colonial period, Parliament passed a series of laws that banned trade with other European Nations. They were known as...

• Stamp Act

• European Trade Agreements
• Proclamation Line of 1763

• Navigation Acts

Multiple Choice

What is Mercantilism?

• Import more than you export

• Buying more than selling

• Giving more than receiving

• Sharing a Piece of the Pie

Multiple Choice

Hey speaking of bad laws, what was the Writs of Assistance?

• A treaty between Britain and France regarding colonial trade.
• general search warrants used by British officials to combat smuggling in the American colonies.

• A document that granted independence to the American colonies.
• A law that allowed colonists to freely trade with any country.

Multiple Choice

What was the Stamp Act?

• a direct tax on all paper products

• A tax on tea that was implemented in 1773.
• A 1776 act that granted independence to the colonies.
• A law that abolished all taxes in the American colonies.

Multiple Choice

What was the Tea Act?

• A regulation that allowed colonists to produce their own tea without restrictions.
• A law that imposed a tax on all imported goods to America.
• a 1773 law allowing the British East India Company to sell tea directly to American colonies, leading to colonial protests.

• A 1770 law that banned the sale of tea in the colonies.

Multiple Choice

What is a monopoly?

• A monopoly is a market structure with many sellers competing equally.
• A monopoly is defined as a situation where multiple companies share the market equally.
• A monopoly occurs when a government controls all market prices.
• A monopoly is a market structure characterized by a single seller dominating the market.

Multiple Choice

Unfair taxes on everyday items like the Tea Act and Townshend Act led to what massive protest?

• Boston Tea Party
• Boston Massacre
• French and Indian War

• Proclamation Line of 1763

Multiple Select

List three punishments the people of Boston received under the Intolerable Acts.

• Had to serve in the British Military

• Pay back all the tea that was dumped into the harbor

• forced to house British troops in empty buildings

• Placed a Military Governor in charge of Boston

​In 1808 Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, also known as the Prophet, settled in the Indiana territory and founded an Indian Settlement by the Tippecanoe River. They named the village Prophetstown after Tecumseh's brother. Tecumseh planned on uniting all Indian tribes in the North East to form an Indian Confederation against the United States. Fearing an Indian uprising General William Henry Harrison, Gov. of the Indian Territory, assembled an army of 1,000 men to put down the Confederation and burn Prophetstown to the ground. On Nov. 8, 1811 with both sides armed and ready to fight on the Tippecanoe River they met to discuss terms. Tecumseh was not present at Prophetstown so the Prophet was in charge of the Confederation. The story goes that there would be no hostilities until both sides met and attempted to negotiate a peace. Gen. Harrison feared a betrayal by the Prophet. He ordered his men to sleep in full uniform armed and ready to fight. They lit fires around the camp to see any Indians coming from all sides.

Conflict with the Indians

Multiple Choice

Review: Speaking of Indians, what Native American helped the Plymouth Colonist get started in the new world and also introduced them to the local Indian tribes?

• Tecumseh

• Pocahontas
• Squanto
• Sitting Bull

Multiple Choice

What colony lived and traded peacefully with the Native Americans?

• Jamestown Colony
• Roanoke Colony

• Georgia

• Pennsylvania

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the Indian attack, by Cherokee Indians, on colonist stationed at a Ft. located in East Tennessee, during the French and Indian War?

• Battle at Kings Mountain

• Boston Massacre

• Starving Times

• Fort Loudon Massacre

Multiple Choice

Recap: What river did Tecumseh and his brother settle near when they traveled to the Indiana Territory?

• Tippecanoe River
• Wabash River
• Ohio River
• Mississippi River

Multiple Choice

What was the spiritual name was given to Tecumseh's brother?

• Sitting Bull

• The Prophet

• The Priest

• The Chief

Multiple Choice

What was Tecumseh's Goal when banning all of the Indian tribes together?

• To establish a new government for Native Americans.
• To encourage trade with US settlers.
• To promote peace among Native American tribes.
• To unite Native American tribes against US settlers.

Fill in the Blank

What holiday was created after the Great Harvest of 1621?

Tecumseh ordered his brother not to attack until the Confederation was strong and ready to take on the United States military. The Prophet however had different plans. He stood in front of his men and gave a fiery speech about how they were destined for greatness and that the white men's bullets could not harm them. The battle began at day break when the first shot was fired. Fighting was reported to have started when soldiers began to hear the shouting of Indians approaching the camp. Harrison ordered his men into a rectangular defensive position and opened fired on the Indians. I am guessing the Prophet's men were a little ticked off when they found out that the white man's bullets actually hurt them. By the end of the battle the casualties were high but the US were able to hold off and drive back the Prophet's men. When Tecumseh returned he found his village burnt to the ground and his hopes of an Indian Confederation were lost. Many consider this as one of the first battles of the War of 1812.

​

​Battle of Tippecanoe

Multiple Choice

Review: What battle took place out in the Western part of the country where the Patriots shot from behind trees and rocks?

• Battle of Yorktown
• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Kings Mountain

• Battle of Bunker Hill

Multiple Choice

What battle tactic was used during the Revolutionary War where Patriots used the environment to ambush British troops?

• Traditional line warfare
• Naval blockade tactics
• Siege warfare
• Guerrilla warfare

Multiple Choice

What group during the Revolutionary War supported Independence and going to War with Great Britain?

• Loyalists
• Neutralists
• Patriots
• Quakers

Multiple Choice

What group during the Revolutionary War remained in favor of staying with the British and supporting/fighting for the British Crown?

• Patriots
• Neutralists
• Rebels
• Loyalists

Multiple Choice

Review: During Washington's Presidency, what treaty was one of the 1st to be signed to force Indians to give up their sovereign rights?

• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Ghent
• Pickney's Treaty

• Treaty of Greenville

​Many in the US Congress blamed the British for supplying and arming the Native Americans with weapons and encouraging attacks on American settlers who approached Indian Territory. Along with the countless seizing of ships and supplies, during the Jefferson and early years of the Madison administrations, many in Congress were demanding that the US respond with war. A group of young politicians banded together and called themselves the War Hawks which demanded that the rest of Congress and President Madison call for a Declaration of War. Members of the War Hawks included Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky, South Carolina Representative John C. Calhoun and Felix Grundy of Tennessee. Grundy was even reported saying that he would rather have war than "submit" to another British Insult. In the end the War Hawks achieved their goal. On June 1, 1812 President Madison had asked Congress for a Declaration of War and the War of 1812 had officially begun.

​Aftermath

Multiple Choice

Review: Speaking of Congress, during the Constitutional Convention the Great Compromise split Congress in two halves. This is called a...

• three branches of government

• bicameral legislature
• separation of powers

• unicameral assembly

Multiple Choice

What was the 3/5 Compromise?

• The 3/5 Compromise was a law to abolish slavery in the United States.
• The 3/5 Compromise was an agreement to count enslaved individuals as three-fifths of a person for congressional representation.
• The 3/5 Compromise was an agreement to count all individuals equally for representation.
• The 3/5 Compromise was a treaty between the northern and southern states to end the Civil War.

Multiple Choice

Review: What is Separation of Powers?

• A principle that allows for unlimited government control over citizens.
• A method of electing government officials directly by the public.
• Separation of Powers is a governance model that divides government responsibilities into three branches.

• A system where all powers are held by a single entity.

Multiple Choice

What is Federalism?

• Federalism is a type of economic policy.
• Federalism is a form of monarchy.
• Federalism is a system where all power is held by local governments.
• Federalism is a system of government that divides power between a central authority and regional entities.

Fill in the Blank

Review: Speaking of factions in Congress, what was the group at the Constitutional Convention that was pro-Constitution and Pro-Federal Government?

Fill in the Blank

Review: What was the name of the group at the Constitutional Convention that was against a strong federal government and believed in more power to the states?

Multiple Select

Recap: Name the three War Hawks that were in favor of war with Great Britain.

• Henry Clay

• John C. Calhoun

• Felix Grundy

• William Henry Harrison

The war spanned throughout the country with a lot of the fighting taking place near Canada and the Great Lakes. The US saw victories especially with its prize vessels such as the USS Constitution destroying British ships but lost ground with the surrendering of forts throughout the Northeast like Ft. Detroit. The British delivered a crushing blow when they invaded the US capital city, Washington D.C. on August 14, 1814, burning the city and even the White House to the ground. ​President Madison actually was not at the White House when the British invaded but his wife, First Lady Dolly Madison, escaped right before they arrived and was even able to save the painting of George Washington. That portrait still resides in the White House today.

A Second War for Independence or the End of the United States?

Multiple Choice

Review: We have talked a lot about the British and wars. Speaking of wars, during the French and Indian War how did the British win the war?

• Prime Minister William Pitt spent large amounts of money to send troops and supplies to America

• George Washington became commander of the British army

• The use of Guerilla Warfare

• Ft. Loudon Massacre

Multiple Choice

What territory was fought over in the French and Indian War?

• Mississippi River Basin
• Appalachian Mountains
• Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes region
• California Coastline

Multiple Choice

What line did King George III draw over the Appalachians Mountains that banned settlement west of the line?

• Proclamation Line of 1763
• Intolerable Acts

• Navigation Acts

• Royal Proclamation of 1776

Multiple Choice

Recap: What happened to the White House during the War of 1812?

• The White House was never attacked during the war.
• The White House was used as a British military base.
• The White House was rebuilt immediately after the war.
• The White House was burned by British forces.

Fill in the Blank

Recap: Whose portrait did the First Lady, Dolly Madison, save from being burned when the British invaded Washington D.C.?

After the torching of Washington D.C. moral and hopes for victory were low. In the Siege for Baltimore the British bombarded both the City and the Ft. that stands right outside the Baltimore Harbor, Ft. McHenry. A poet named Francis Scott Keys was watching, from a distance, the Ft being blasted by cannon fire for 25 hours straight. On the morning of September 13, 1814, when the smoke cleared, Scott saw an American Flag waving from the top of the Ft. which stated the US were still in control. Scott then began writing a poem based on the battle, on the back of a letter, which would later be called "The Star Spangled Banner." This poem would become the lyrics to our Country's National Anthem.

​

...That Our Flag Was Still There

Multiple Choice

Review: In Washington's Farewell Address, he states that the United States should always remain______ in foreign affairs.

• interventionist
• aggressive
• neutral
• isolationist

Multiple Choice

Review: What was Washington's stance on Political Parties?

• Washington supported the formation of political parties.
• Washington believed political parties were essential for democracy.
• Washington was indifferent towards political parties.
• Washington was opposed to political parties.

On December 24, 1814 British and American Representatives met in Belgium to discuss peace talks. They signed the treaty in the city of Ghent, which put an end to the fighting once both sides had ratified the treaty. The treaty also stated that any land lost during the War of 1812 would return to their original owners.

So who won the War of 1812? Technically the War ended in a draw with both sides giving up or returning land that was taken during war, however, just because a treaty has been signed doesn't mean the fighting stopped, we still have one more battle to discuss...

​

Treaty of Ghent

Multiple Choice

Review: It is time to play Guess that Treaty. What treaty ended the French and Indian War?

• Treaty of Ghent
• Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Treaty of Paris (1763)

Multiple Choice

Guess that Treaty: What treaty ended the Revolutionary War and finalized American Independence?

• Treaty of Paris (1783)
• Treaty of Ghent
• Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of Paris (1763)

Multiple Choice

Guess that Treaty: What treaty avoided a with Great Britain and very favorable towards the British?

• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Ghent
• Treaty of Greenville

• Jay Treaty

Multiple Choice

Guess that Treaty: What treaty avoided a war with Spain and settled disputed border between the US and Spanish Florida?

• Jay's Treaty

• Treaty of Paris
• Pickney's Treaty

• Treaty of Greenville

Multiple Choice

Guess that Treaty: What treaty was signed in (1795) avoided a war with Native Americans in the Ohio Territory?

• Treaty of Paris

• Pickney's Treaty

• Jay's Treaty

• Treaty of Greenville

Multiple Choice

Recap: What Treaty ended the War of 1812?

• Treaty of Ghent
• Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Tordesillas

Even though the Treaty was signed, the British continued to march through the United States. Their eyes now turned towards the City of New Orleans which was considered the gateway to America's most prominent river, The Mississippi. Tennessean Andrew Jackson was tasked with rallying a group of volunteers to defend the port of New Orleans. Jackson's men were ill-supplied, lacked experience, and low in numbers. In total Jackson had around 1,000 men to about 10,000 British soldiers, commanded by the English Major General Edward Pakenham, marching on New Orleans. The battle began on January 8, 1815. Jackson's men consisted of volunteers from Tennessee, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Mississippi along with a band of pirates and Native Americans. Jackson was definitely the underdog in this fight. That morning Gen. Pakenham sent his troops to Chalmette, Louisiana which was 5 miles downriver from New Orleans. As they advanced they came under fire by Kentucky and Tennessee militia cutting down Pakenham's men. By the end of the Battle the British forces had been annihilated. The estimated dead/wounded of the battle was over 2,000 British Casualties, along with Gen. Pakenham, to only 70 American casualties. The British fully retreated from New Orleans, Jackson became a National Hero, and the United States ratified the Treaty of Ghent a month later.

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Andrew Jackson and The Battle of New Orleans

...if the Treaty of Ghent was signed in December of 1814 and the Battle of New Orleans was fought in 1815 then was the battle pointless bloodshed? Yes and no, the Treaty states that fighting would stop once both sides ratified the treaty. In the United States, the treaty would have to be ratified by Congress. Congress did not ratify the treaty until March of 1815 and the Battle of New Orleans took place in January of that same year. Technically if the British won the battle they could have tore up the treaty and kept fighting but the Treaty also states that any land taken or given up during the war would be returned once the fighting ended, status quo ante-bellum or Pre War status. At the end of the day, the war ended in a draw, however the Battle of New Orleans was final battle of the War of 1812 and ended with an American Victory. So who really won the War of 1812?

​

Now wait a minute...

Multiple Choice

It's time to play Guess that Battle: What battle prior to the Revolutionary War was fought in two separate towns where the first shot of the War for Independence was fired?

• Battles of Lexington and Concord
• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Yorktown
• Battle of Bunker Hill

Multiple Choice

Guess that Battle: What battle was fought across the Boston Harbor where British troops won the battle but it proved to the Sons of Liberty that they could fight the British?

• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Lexington
• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battle of Yorktown

Multiple Choice

Guess that Battle: During the Revolutionary War, what battle took place across the Delaware River where George Washington led his men and surprised British forces boosting morale?

• Battle of Trenton
• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battle of Yorktown
• Battle of Saratoga

Multiple Choice

Guess that Battle: During the Revolutionary War, what was the turning point battle that secured an alliance with France?

• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Lexington
• Battle of Yorktown

Multiple Choice

Guess that Battle: During the Revolutionary War, what Battle was fought where Americans and French soldiers fought together for the first time?

• Battle of Trenton
• Battle of Rhode Island

• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Bunker Hill

Multiple Choice

Guess that Battle: What battle ended the Revolutionary War?

• Siege of Yorktown
• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Lexington

Multiple Choice

Recap: What battle did Andrew Jackson hold off British troops from gaining control of the Mississippi River?

• Battle of New Orleans
• Battle of Gettysburg
• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battle of Antietam

So if all land was returned after the War was the War of 1812 pointless loss of life? After the War the United States gained a new sense of Nationalism, pride in one's nation. After Madison left office his Secretary of State, James Monroe, became the 5th president of the United States. His Presidency was known as the Era of Good Feelings. During this Era the United States created the Monroe Doctrine stating that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to European Colonization. The end of the War also brought an end to the Federalist party who opposed the war lost its popularity and influence making the Party of Thomas Jefferson, the Democratic-Republicans, the only major party left in the country. In the end, the War of 1812 gained America confidence, patriotic pride, and step up on the World stage which states we would not be bullied or insulted by any foreign nation.

Affects of the War

Multiple Choice

Review: What period began incorporating new ideas and thinking which brought on change in education, social classes, and even religion?

• The Middle Ages
• The Enlightenment
• The Industrial Revolution
• The Renaissance

Multiple Choice

What Mid-1700s religious movement brought massive religious revivals and caused people to renew their hearts with God?

• The Enlightenment Movement
• The Second Great Awakening
• The First Great Awakening
• The Protestant Reformation

Multiple Choice

Review: What famous expedition had President Thomas Jefferson send two men and their party out west to map and discover what the US had bought in the Louisiana Purchase?

• Wilderness Road

• Boone's Trace

• Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Oregon Trail

Multiple Choice

Recap: What era brought on a new sense of Nationalism to the United States after the War of 1812?

• Civil Rights Movement
• Era of Enlightenment
• Industrial Revolution
• Era of Good Feelings

Andrew Jackson 7th President of The United States
Andrew Jackson became a national celebrity after the Battle of New Orleans, some would say even George Washington status. It was only a matter of time before he became president. After losing the Presidential election in 1824 to John Quincy Adams, Jackson returned in 1828 to defeat Adams and become the nation's 7th President.

William Henry Harrison 9th President of the United States

​William Henry Harrison served in the Government for multiple years after the Battle of Tippecanoe as Governor then Senator in the US Senate. He ran for President in 1836 and lost to Martin Van Buren. He ran against Van Buren again and won in 1840 creating one of the first ever successful campaign slogans, "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!" Unfortunately on the day of Harrison's inauguration he delivered a 2 hour speech, longest in US history, in the rain without an overcoat. Harrison became seriously ill and died only 31 days into his presidency making Harrison the President with the shortest term in office. His vice-president John Tyler was the first to ever ascend to the Presidency after the current President died in office.

Future Presidents

Multiple Choice

It's time to play Guess that American: What American served as the Second President of the United States and signed into law the Alien and Sedition Acts?

• John Adams
• James Madison
• George Washington
• Thomas Jefferson

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: What American became the 3rd President of the United States, wrote the Declaration of Independence, and helped formed one the first ever political parties in America?

• Thomas Jefferson
• George Washington
• John Adams
• Benjamin Franklin

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: What American served as the 4th President of the United States, led the country through the War of 1812, and main contributor to the Constitutional Convention?

• John Adams
• George Washington
• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: Which American was one of the leading War Hawks in Congress that urged the Country to declare war on Great Britain and served as Speaker of the House/Representative from Kentucky?

• Daniel Webster
• John C. Calhoun
• James Madison
• Henry Clay

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: This Native American formed a Confederation of Indians to fight against American Settlers in the Northwest Territory.

• Sitting Bull
• Crazy Horse
• Tecumseh
• Geronimo

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: This American fought against Native Americans in the Indiana Territory and became a War Hero from the Battle of Tippecanoe.

• Andrew Jackson
• George Washington
• Ulysses S. Grant
• William Henry Harrison

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: This American fought and defeated the British and the Battle of New Orleans.

• George Washington
• William Henry Harrison

• James Madison
• Andrew Jackson

Multiple Choice

Guess that American: This American was the 5th President of the United States and led the country through Post-War of 1812 period known as the Era of Good Feelings.

• James Madison

• Thomas Jefferson
• John Adams
• James Monroe

Fill in the Blank

Guess that American: Oops guess I forgot to make this multiple choice ;) This American led the country through the Revolutionary War, President of the Constitutional Convention, and became the First President of the United States.