Cyber EOP - Physical Devices By Mr. B

Components of a Computer

System

Key Components and Their Functions

Introduction

Computers are essential for personal and business use.

Understanding key components helps with upgrading and troubleshooting.

In this presentation, we will cover the main components of a computer and
their functions.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.

Processes data and performs calculations.

Performance Factors: Clock speed (GHz) and number of cores.

Cache memory stores frequently accessed data for quick retrieval.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

• Cooling the system

• Executing instructions from programs

• Rendering graphics

• Storing data permanently

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Short-term memory that stores data for quick access by the CPU.

Capacity (GB): Affects multitasking and system responsiveness.

Speed: Measured in MHz/GHz, influences performance.

Volatile memory, data is lost when the computer is turned off.

Multiple Choice

What does RAM stand for?

• Read Access Memory

• Real-time Access Memory

• Random Access Memory

• Rapid Access Memory

Motherboard

Central hub that connects all computer components.

Chipset: Dictates compatibility with CPU, RAM, and more.

Includes expansion slots (PCIe) for additional components like graphics
cards.

Various ports for connecting external devices.

Multiple Choice

Which component connects all other parts of the computer?

• Motherboard

• Graphics Processing Unit

• Power Supply Unit

• Storage Device

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Renders images, videos, and animations, reducing CPU load.

VRAM: Dedicated memory for storing image data.

Types: Dedicated GPUs (for high-performance) vs. Integrated GPUs (for basic
tasks).

Outputs to monitor through DisplayPort or HDMI (includes audio).

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)?

• To store data

• To manage power supply

• To render images and videos

• To connect peripherals

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Converts electricity into appropriate voltage for computer components.

Rated by Wattage: More powerful systems need higher wattage.

Efficiency Ratings: 80 PLUS certifications (Bronze, Silver, Gold, etc.)

Multiple Choice

What does the Power Supply Unit (PSU) do?

• Manages cooling

• Converts electricity to the correct voltage

• Stores data

• Processes instructions

Storage Devices (HDD/SSD)

Holds the computer's data (OS, apps, personal files).

HDD: Spinning platters, larger capacities, lower cost.

SSD: Flash memory, faster performance, higher cost.

Capacity: Measured in GB or TB

Multiple Choice

What type of storage device uses spinning platters?

• Solid-State Drive (SSD)

• Flash Drive

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

• Optical Drive

Expansion Cards

Circuit boards that add functionality (network cards, extra USB ports).

Inserted into the motherboard’s expansion slots.

Allows for customization of the computer’s capabilities.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of expansion cards?

• To add functionality to the computer

• To connect to the internet

• To store data

• To cool the CPU

Cooling System

Prevents overheating by dissipating heat.

Types: Fans, heatsinks, liquid cooling.

Maintains system stability and prolongs hardware lifespan.

Multiple Choice

Which cooling method uses water to dissipate heat?

• Air cooling

• Liquid cooling

• Thermal paste

• Passive cooling

Case (Chassis)

Houses and protects computer components.

Sizes: Full tower, mid-tower, small form factor.

Role in airflow management: Critical for temperature control.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the computer case?

• To enhance graphics

• To manage power supply

• To protect internal components

• To store data

Input Devices

Allow users to interact with the computer.

Common Devices: Keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, webcam.

Convert physical actions or data into a digital format.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an input device?

• Keyboard

• Printer

• Speaker

  
  

• Monitor

Output Devices

Display or produce results from computer processes.

Monitors: Resolution, refresh rate, panel type affect quality.

Printers: Print quality and speed vary between inkjet and laser types.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of output devices?

• To store data

• To display or produce results

• To manage power supply

• To input data

Conclusion

Understanding computer components helps in making better decisions for
upgrades and troubleshooting.

All components work together to form a functional system.