Second Industrial Revolution

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The Second Industrial Revolution

​W.A.L.T. We Are Learning To...

• identify how innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution changed businesses

• explain how the Second Industrial Revolution industries are interrelated

  How did industrialization change American businesses?

Discover

Industrialization is the shift from a mostly agricultural economy in which goods are produced mostly by hand, to an economy based on manufacturing goods on a large scale using machine technology powered by steam or other natural resources. 

During the Gilded Age, the United States entered a period called the Second Industrial Revolution. This era is marked by the invention of numerous technologies and rapid innovations in manufacturing that resulted in the United States becoming the world's leading industrial nation by 1920.

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Open Ended

What are 2 things that you learned from the video

The Railroad

the railroad industry set the same standards for how it operated across the industry to make it operate efficiently.

Gauges-Different railroad lines also used different widths of track or gauge. Once the tracks were standardized, a network of railroad tracks was available

Time Zones-Railroad companies still had trouble trying to synchronize schedules.The new system divided the country into the time zones that are in use today

The Air Brake-. Before his invention, each car of a train had its own brakes and each had to be applied separately by a brake operator.

Railroads opened every area of the United States for settlement and growth. The railroads provided thousands of jobs and supported other industries—steel and coal. Wherever railroad lines crossed with other transportation routes, towns were sure to form.

Innovation in Transportation

The automobile had its beginnings in Europe as early as the 1860s.

In 1913, Ford organized his automobile plant using the moving assembly line innovation, in which the automobile moved along different stations where workers assembled one portion of the automobile.

As a result, Ford workers could produce a new car in about one and a half hours, rather than the twelve hours it took initially.

Multiple Choice

In what way did the assembly line, a common railroad gauge, and national timetable promote the growth of businesses?

• created fewer jobs for workers

• 
  improved the efficiency by standardizing how a system operated

• 
  forced government to support business-led policy

Communication

Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph in the 1830s. It sent messages electronically through a series of dots and dashes.

telegraph was not in wide use for some decades because there was no infrastructure, or supporting structures or resources, to operate it on a large scale. The Pacific Telegraph Act in 1860 called for the construction of a telegraph line to connect the east and west coasts.

Such instant communication allowed businesses to communicate with their suppliers and their customers efficiently

Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated his telephone in 1876. Bell and other investors formed the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T)

All of the facilities that were manufacturing new inventions needed power sources to operate.

OIl

The oil refining industry in the United States had its beginnings in the 1850s in western Pennsylvania

people began to search for more plentiful supplies of crude oil.

a number of people drilling for oil all over western Pennsylvania.

At first, oil was shipped by the barrel, but soon railroad tanker cars were used to ship large quantities more easily. Later on, pipelines replaced railroad cars as an even more cost-effective means of oil transport.

It was into this new industry that John D. Rockefeller entered.

Open Ended

How could the invention of the light bulb effect society?

Summary

The Second Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid innovations in manufacturing and the creation of new inventions that made the United States a leading industrial nation.

Revolutionary manufacturing methods in steelmaking produced a lighter, stronger material that was used in many industries and helped the railroad industry grow.

The assembly line innovation in manufacturing led to the growth of the automobile industry and made the product cheaper and more widely affordable.

The invention of the telephone enabled more immediate communication for individuals and businesses.

oil in Western Pennsylvania provided new energy sources for growing industries

Electricity became more widely available to power homes and businesses.