PHS Ch.5 - Wayground Lecture #2 - Body Organization(Slides 8-14)

​PHS - Ch. 5: Academic Knowledge: Medical Terminology and Body Organization (Slides 8-14)

​Principles of Health Science

1. Body Organization

   • Cells, tissues, and organs

2. Body Systems

• Anatomy describes the physical structures of the body

• Physiology describes the functions and inner workings of the body

• Each level of organization in the body builds on the next to form a larger structure

Body Organization & Related Terms

Cells and Organelles

• Cells are the smallest living things, which join to form tissues and contain organelles

• Each organelle has a special function within the cell, essentially acting as tiny organs similar to our bodies.

Body Tissues

Groups of cells of the same type working together for the same purpose

• Four main types

  • Connective tissue: provides supports, absorbs shock

  • Nervous tissue: conducts impulses to and from organs

  • Muscular tissue: important for movement

  • Epithelial tissue: forms the skin and membranes

Body Organs and Systems

• Organs —groups of tissues working together for the same purpose

• Body systems —groups of organs working together to perform a vital function

• Body systems work together to help the human body control, move, support, protect, and reproduce

• SLIC MEN R RED acronym spells out the body systems (mnemonic device)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

• Anatomy describes functions while physiology describes structures

• Anatomy and physiology are unrelated fields of study

• Anatomy describes structures while physiology describes functions

• Anatomy and physiology both describe only visible body parts

Match

Tissues Matching:

• muscular

• epithelial

• nervous

• connective

important for movement

forms the skin and membranes

conducts impulses to and from organs

provides support, absorbs shock

• important for movement

• forms the skin and membranes

• conducts impulses to and from organs

• provides support, absorbs shock

Is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and its main function is body communication and control.

Nervous System

Body Systems & Functions

This systems major function is to protect the inner structures of the body and consists of the hair, skin, and nails.

Integumentary System

Body Systems & Functions

Main function is gas exchange, which provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Consists of lungs, trachea, bronchi, pharynx, and larynx.

Respiratory System

Body Systems & Functions

The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a network of organs and tissues that supplies blood, oxygen, nutrients, and other vital substances to the body

Cardiovascular System

Body Systems & Functions

Is responsible for offspring reproduction and consists of the (WOMEN: ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes), (MEN: testes, vas deferens, and prostate)

Reproductive System

Body Systems & Functions

The primary function is to provide movement for the body. Consists of muscles, tendons, ligaments.

Muscular System

Body Systems & Functions

Provides support and protection for the body. Consists of bones, joints, skull, ribs, femur, etc.

Skeletal System

Body Systems & Functions

Consists of the stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, colon and provides nutrient breakdown and absorption.

Digestive System

Body Systems & Functions

consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and provides waste filtration for the body.

Excretory System

Body Systems & Functions

The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It keeps body fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections.

Lymphatic System

Body Systems & Functions

The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs that produce hormones that regulate many bodily functions

Endocrine System

Body Systems & Functions

Match

Body systems matching:

• Consists of muscles, tendons, ligaments.

• Consists of bones, joints, skull, ribs, femur, etc.

• Is responsible for offspring reproduction

• consists of the stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, colon

• composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

muscular

skeletal

reproductive

digestive

nervous

• muscular

• skeletal

• reproductive

• digestive

• nervous

Multiple Choice

This systems major function is to protect the inner structures of the body and consists of the hair, skin, and nails.

• integumentary system

• muscular system

• cardiovascular system

• endocrine system

Multiple Choice

 is a network of organs and tissues that supplies blood, oxygen, nutrients, and other vital substances to the body 

• cardiovascular system

• respiratory system

• nervous sytem

• integumentary system

Multiple Choice

Consists of lungs, trachea, bronchi, pharynx, and larynx.

• respiratory

• lymphatic

• digestive

• endocrine