Write to the Point Chapter 11

Write to the Point
Chapter 11

Open Ended

How are you? Any Questions?

1) もし～なら：この先に起こり帰るかもしれない（と話者が考える）場合
If (従属) S` + 現在形, (主節) S will V.

If it rains tomorrow, the game will be postponed.

If it will X

もし～なら - not always 仮定法
You can judge through context!

If class finishes early, I will _______.

2) もし～なら：(この先に) 起こり得ない（と話者が考える）場合
If (従属)S` + 過去形, (主節) S would / could/ might V

If our dog spoke, we would enjoy talking with him.

Other Expressions

「仮に～すれば」If S` were to (V`), S would / could / might V.

If you were to win first prize in the lottery, what would you do with the money?

Past Participle

A past participle is a verb form used in perfect tenses and passive voice constructions. For regular verbs, it typically ends in "-ed" ("played," "worked"), while irregular verbs have various forms ("gone," "written," "been").

She cooked dinner.
She has cooked dinner.

「昔～していたら。。。だったのに」

If (従属) S' + had + V' p.p., (主節) S would / could / might have V p.p.

If I had known that you would come, I would have stayed home.

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

If they had known about the event, they might have attended the party.

「もし～していたら、今ごろ。。。なのに]

If S' + had + V' p.p., S would /could / might V.

If I had been born in the U.S., what would my life be like now?

Exercises A

1) If it will be raining that day, I will pick you up at the station.

If it is raining that day, I will pick you up at the station.

主節が未来を示すときには、時・条件の副詞節は、現在形、あるいは動作動詞で「完了」の意味を示す場合は現在完了形も可である。

2) If you are as old as I am, you will understand how I feel.

When you are as old as I am, you will understand how I feel.

確実に起こりうることに対してはwhenを用いる。

3) If I were in your place, I will apologize to the teacher.

If I were in your place, I would apologize to the teacher.

If I were ～　から仮定法過去だとわかればよい。

4) If she simply admitted her mistake, I would have forgiven her.

4) If she had simply admitted her mistake, I would have forgiven her.

後半の記述から仮定法過去完了だとわかる。よってif節も仮定法過去完了にする必要がある。

5) If we did not take the wrong bus, we would be eating lunch by now.

5) If we had not taken the wrong bus, we would be eating lunch by now.

「もしバスを乗り間違えなかったら」は過去の事実に反する記述だから仮定法過去完了を用いる。条件節が仮定法過去完了で、主節が仮定法過去は頻出事項。

Exercises A-2

1) 私の留守中にヒラリーが訪ねてきたら、この伝言を彼女に伝えてくださいませんか。

If Hillary visits me while I'm out, could you please give her this message?

2) ただ1つのエネルギー源に頼るのは危険だ。

It would be risky to depend on only one energy source.

3) 脚の骨折がなければ，ウィリアムはすばらしい運動選手になっていただろう。

If he had not broken his leg, William could have become a great athlete.

4) もしみんなの性格や個性，考え方が同じだとしたら，世の中に争いごとなんて起こらない。

If everyone had the same personality, character, and philosophy, there would be no conflicts in the world.

5) スマートフォンがあれば，いろんな娯楽を楽しめるし，家族や友人とも連絡がとりやすくなる。

If you have a smartphone, you can enjoy various things and contact your family and friends easily.